Сборник текстов для чтения и перевода с заданиями
«Иностранный язык»
для специальности 040401 «Социальная работа»
Составитель:
преподаватель английского языка,
Куга Екатерина Игоревна
2014
Пояснительная записка
Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие составлено в соответствии с ФГОС по специальности 040401 «Социальная работа».
Пособие «СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕВОДА С ЗАДАНИЯМИ» по иностранному (английскому) языку для специальности 040401 «Социальная работа» имеет целью совершенствование комплекса умений и навыков письменного перевода в сфере профессиональной коммуникации с английского языка на русский и с русского на английский.
Напомним, что в результате освоения дисциплины обучающийся должен уметь:
общаться (устно и письменно) на иностранном языке на профессиональные и повседневные темы;
переводить (со словарем) иностранные тексты профессиональной направленности;
самостоятельно совершенствовать устную и письменную речь, пополнять словарный запас
В результате освоения дисциплины обучающийся должен знать:
- лексический (1200-1400 лексических единиц) и грамматический минимум, необходимый для чтения и перевода (со словарем) иностранных текстов профессиональной направленности.
Как видно, одним из ожидаемых результатов обучения иностранному языку является умение переводить тексты профессиональной направленности. Поэтому внедрение в программу обучения заданий на перевод профессиональных текстов позволит нашей дисциплине внести вклад в формирование ПК, соответствующих основным видам профессиональной деятельности, и научить студентов оценивать педагогический опыт и образовательные технологии на основе знакомства с зарубежной профессиональной литературой.
Мы рассматриваем данный тип заданий как обязательный для самостоятельной работы студентов в каждом модуле.
Задачи курса:
совершенствование системы переводческих навыков и умений, значимых для практической деятельности в сфере профессиональной коммуникации (письменный перевод с английского языка на русский и с русского на английский);
содействие изучению английского языка, особенно в профессиональной сфере;
совершенствование навыков самостоятельной работы со словарями, энциклопедиями и другими справочными материалами;
совершенствование навыков применения в переводческой деятельности современных информационных технологий.
Для оценки того, как посредством данного вида учебной деятельности формируются профессиональные компетенции, мы разделяем работу с текстом на две части: письменный перевод и задания на осмысление и переработку прочитанной информации. Последние создают предпосылки для общения на профессиональные темы на изучаемом языке.
Тексты, взятые из зарубежных источников, сокращены и адаптированы. Данное пособие целесообразно вводить в программу обучения со второго курса, так как в этот период студенты начинают изучать профессиональные дисциплины.
Для того чтобы определиться с порядком оценивания данного вида работы, необходимо назвать критерии оценивания. При их отборе, мы предлагаем учесть то, что в наши цели не входит обучение профессиональному переводу, а, следовательно,
передачу смысла текста,
точный перевод терминов,
оформление письменного высказывания
и составление англо-русского понятийного словаря
можно считать оптимальными и достаточными критериями для определения наличия ожидаемых знаний и умений и коррелирующих компетенций.
При этом под смыслом мы понимаем результат мышления, конкретно передаваемое содержание предложения; под точным переводом термина – выбор такого значения слова, которое принято в профессиональной терминологии, под оформлением – соблюдение орфографических, синтаксических и стилистических норм родного языка.
Ведение словаря основных терминов (vocabulary) – это составление тематического списка слов на основе текста. В методике преподавания иностранных языков выполнение работы такого типа является одним из приемов формирования лексического запаса обучающегося и в нашем случае также станет необходимой составляющей формирования умения самостоятельно пополнять словарный запас.
Каждый из критериев может оцениваться в процентном соотношении (%) правильно переведенных предложений и терминов от общего объема (100%). Например, если в тексте верно переведено 7 терминов из 10 (то есть качество составляет 70%) студент получает за этот критерий 4 балла в соответствии со шкалой (100-90% – 5 баллов, 89-70% – 4 балла, 69-50% – 3 балла).
Итак, к уровню освоения изучаемого материала предъявляются следующие требования:
студенты должны демонстрировать достаточный для эффективного достижения целей опосредованной двуязычной коммуникации уровень сформированности навыков и умений в области письменного перевода в сфере профессиональной коммуникации;
студенты должны уметь свободно ориентироваться в доступных справочных материалах и эффективно ими пользоваться;
студенты должны владеть применяемыми в области перевода средствами современных информационных технологий, понимать сферу их применимости и процедуры их корректного использования.
TEXT 1. Social Work in the USA
TASK 1. You are going to read a text about social work in the USA. Four paragraphs (A-D) have been removed from the text. Choose from paragraphs A-D the one which fits each gap (1-4).
A. Some give advice to elderly people or family members about choices in areas such as housing, transportation, and long-term care; they also coordinate and monitor services. Through employee assistance programs, they may help workers cope with job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality of their work. |
B. Some work on interdisciplinary teams that evaluate certain kinds of patients — geriatric or organ transplant patients, for example. Medical and public health social workers may work for hospitals, nursing and personal care facilities, individual and family services agencies, or local governments. |
C. Other types of social workers include social work planners and policymakers, who develop programs to address such issues as child abuse, homelessness, substance abuse, poverty, and violence. These workers research and analyze policies, programs, and regulations. They identify social problems and suggest legislative and other solutions. They may help to raise funds or write grants to support these programs. |
D. Most social workers specialize. Although some conduct research or are involved in planning or policy development, most social workers prefer an area of practice in which they interact with clients. |
Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve other people’s lives. Social workers help people to function the best way they can in their environment, deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see clients who face a life-threatening disease or a social problem. These problems may include inadequate housing, unemployment, serious illness, disability, or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, including those involving child or spousal abuse. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings that now are governed by managed care organizations. To contain costs, these organizations are emphasizing short-term intervention, ambulatory and community based care, and greater decentralization of services.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Child, family, and school social workers provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and academic functioning of children. Some social workers assist single parents, arrange adoptions; and help find foster homes for neglected, abandoned, or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. They also advise teachers on how to cope with problem students. Some social workers may specialize in services for senior citizens. They run support groups for family caregivers or for the adult children of aging parents.
2 …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Child, family, and school social workers typically work in individual and family services agencies, schools, State or local governments. These social workers may be known as child welfare social workers, family services social workers, child protection services social workers, occupational social workers, or gerontology social workers.
Medical and public health social workers provide persons, families, or vulnerable populations with the psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, or AIDS. They also advise family caregivers, counsel patients, and help with a plan for patients’ needs after discharge by arranging for athome services—from meals-on-wheels to oxygen equipment.
3……………………………………………………………………………………………
Mental health and substance abuse social workers assess and treat individuals with mental illness, or substance abuse problems, including abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. Such services include individual and group therapy, outreach, crisis intervention, social rehabilitation, and training in skills for everyday living. They may also help with a plan for supportive services to ease patients’ return to the community. Mental health and substance abuse social workers are likely to work in hospitals, substance abuse treatment centers, individual and family services agencies, or local governments. These social workers may be known as clinical social workers.
4……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Social workers held about 477,000 jobs in 2002. About 4 out of 10 jobs were in State or local government agencies, primarily in departments of health and human services. Most private sector jobs were in the health care and social assistance industry. Although most social workers are employed in cities or suburbs, some work in rural areas.
(http://www.collegegrad.com/careers/proft41.shtml)
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian. Make a list of words in bold, translate them and learn them by heart.
TASK 3. The following table shows 2002 employment in the USA by type of social worker. Make your comments on the data given. Work in pairs and share your ideas with your partner.
Type of work
|
Number of workers |
Child, family, and school social workers |
274,000
|
Medical and public health social workers |
107,000
|
Mental health and substance abuse social workers |
95,000 |
TASK 4. In groups of three discuss the following points:
- What are the main types of social workers mentioned in the text?
- What are advantages and disadvantages of these types of social workers?
- What type do you prefer for your future specialization? Why?
TEXT 2. The Code of Ethics
TASK 1. You are going to read the preamble from the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers in America. Skim the following text in order to understand the main ideas.
The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession's focus on individual well-being in a social context and the well-being of society.
Fundamental to social work is attention to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and address problems in living. Social workers promote social justice and social change with and on behalf of clients. "Clients" is used inclusively to refer to individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers are sensitive to cultural and ethnic diversity and strive to end discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice. These activities may be in the form of direct practice, community organizing, supervision, consultation, administration, advocacy, social and political action, policy development and implementation, education, and research and evaluation. Social workers seek to enhance the capacity of people to address their own needs. Social workers also seek to promote the responsiveness of organizations, communities, and other social institutions to individuals' needs and social problems.
The mission of the social work profession is rooted in a set of core values. These core values, embraced by social workers throughout the profession's history, are the foundation of social work's unique purpose and perspective:
service
social justice
dignity and worth of the person
importance of human relationships
integrity
competence.
This constellation of core values reflects what is unique to the social work profession. Core values, and the principles that flow from them, must be balanced within the context and complexity of the human experience.
(adapted from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp)
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian. Make a list of words in bold, translate them and learn them by heart.
TASK 3. The preamble describes the mission and core values of this profession. Read the text again and make a list of the purposes of the social work profession.
Example:
The purpose of social work is to enhance the life of human beings, helping…… etc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TASK 4. In groups of three discuss the purposes of social work. Can you add any other purposes besides those mentioned in the preamble? Do you know whether such a document exists in Russia?
TEXT 3. Methods of Social Work
TASK 1. Read the text and answer the questions. What are the three main categories of social work methods? What are about the distinctions among the methods?
Social work is a term used to describe a variety of organized methods of helping people in some need which they cannot meet unaided. The organization of social work has always tended to be related to specific needs or problems, such as poverty, delinquency, and mental or physical disablement.
Social work methods fall into three main categories: social casework which is concerned with individuals and their families; social group work in which association with others is the primary therapeutic agent and community resources. The boundaries between these three methods are not distinct and in all social work great emphasis is placed on enabling people to use their own resources, and those resources which already exist within the community, in order to help themselves.
The uniqueness of social work is in the blend of some particular values, knowledge and skills, including the use of relationships as the basis for all interventions and respect for each person’s choice and development.
(From: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9913)
TASK 2. Match the words with their definitions.
6. Tolerance
|
a. Making use or finding use for something b. The practice of performing charitable actions c. Capacity to endure something d. A manner, a process or the regular way of doing something e. The condition or state of needing money f. Idea
|
TASK 3. Translate the text into Russian. Make a list of words in bold, translate them and learn them by heart.
TEXT 4. Client’s Profile
TASK 1. The text describes three client profiles. Read it and complete the table.
Tara, a new mother, is 16 years old. She lives with her grandparents and hasn't finished high school. Her social worker helped her child get health insurance and regular check up, and helped Tara apply for public assistance. With her social worker's support, Tara enrolled in evening classes to finish high school and found a support group to help young mothers with parenting skills.
Bob is experiencing stress as a single parent. He is referred by a social worker to a good child care agency. The social worker also helps Bob explore flextime with his employer and works with a coalition of local employers to make flextime and child care more available to others in the same situation. In addition, the social worker provides therapy to help this young father handle the immediate stress of raising children on his own.
Scott is 8 years old and loves to learn. He began skipping school after bigger kids started teasing him. His school's social worker alerted Scott's teachers who helped control the bullying. He met with Scott's parents to suggest ways to help the situation. Now, he and Scott talk a lot not only about bullies, but also all the things Scott is excited to be learning about.
Client’s name
|
Age |
Her/his challenge |
Social worker’s assistance
|
Results |
|
|
|
|
|
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian.
TASK 3. Scan the text again and highlight all the verbs, verb phrases and verb collocations. Transfer them to the Infinitive form in your exercise-book. If you don’t know the meaning of them, look them up in the dictionary (e.g. to enroll in evening classes, to handle the stress, etc.).
TASK 4. What are the profiles of clients in your city, in your social and cultural context? Have you already had experience as a social worker? What were your clients’ profiles? Discuss these questions with your partners. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEXT 5. What is a ‘disability’?
TASK 1. Read the text below on how the problem of defining disability is viewed in the UK and check if you think the same way or not.
Several writers and organizations have tried to make a distinction between physical aspects of disability and socially created limitations. Ann Shearer uses the terms ‘disability’ and ‘handicap’ in this way, suggesting that disability must be taken as given, but handicap is something that is imposed on that disability to make it more limiting then it must necessarily be. The extent to which a disability is a handicap depends on a number of factors such as a type of job a person has, the services that exist to help, the attitudes of society and the personality of the person with the disability. Ann Shearer illustrates this point by arguing that not being able to run for a bus wouldn’t be a handicap if buses waited for the passengers. However, many disabled people find a term ‘handicap’ offensive because of its historical association with begging and charity. A similar distinction can be made using the term ‘impairment’ to refer to the physical dimension and ‘disability’ as the term that incorporates the socially created aspects.
These distinctions are important because they reflect differing ways of thinking about disability. On the one hand, there is a medical model of disability, which focuses on the individual and physical conditions (impairments). A social model of disability takes the focus away from the individual and looks at disabling environments – ways in which society creates disabilities.
The definition, adopted by Oliver and Barnes, suggests that the term disability refers to: the disadvantage or restriction caused by a contemporary social organization which takes no or little account of people who have…impairments and thus excludes them from the mainstream of social activities.
(By Y. Pat, Mastering Social Welfare.)
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian. Make a list of words in bold, translate them and learn them by heart.
TASK 3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the word(s) only once.
limitations contemporary the mainstream disability begging the individual environments created society account personality handicap |
1. different ways of thinking about ……
2. caused by a …… social organization
3. historical association with …… and charity
4. excludes them from …… of social activities
5. that incorporates the socially …… aspects
6. the attitudes of …… and the …… of the person
7. takes the focus away from ……
8. looks at disabling ……
9. but …… is something that is imposed on that disability
10. socially created ………
11. which takes no or little …… of people
TASK4. Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups:
o Can you identify any common areas of need for disabled people in your country?
Make a chart:
TEXT 6. The 1995 Disability Discrimination Act
TASK 1. Read the passage about the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act that was brought in as anti-discriminatory legislation in the UK in 1995. While reading fill in the gaps with the appropriate word or phrase.
discriminate access unlawful polices impairment disabled employers learning insurance disability treat second-rate day-to-day sensory cancer law |
In the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act ……1…. is defined as long-term physical or mental …… 2…….. that substantially affects the ability to carry out normal ……3…….. activities. This includes physical and ………4……... impairments, …… 5…… disabilities and mental health conditions lasting 12 months or more, or likely to recur. ‘Severe disfigurements’ and progressive conditions such as …… 6…., HIV and multiple sclerosis are also included. The Act means it is against the …7…... for employers with twenty or more stuff to ……8…… disabled people less favorably than others and requires …9…… to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to work practices and premises to overcome barriers to employment.
The Act also makes it …… 10……. for providers of goods, services and facilities to ……11…… against a disabled person either by refusing to serve disabled customers or providing them with ……12…….. services. All goods and services provided to the public are covered, including health, ……13….., legal services, and sport and leisure facilities. …14……. and practices which have the effect of excluding disabled people have to be changed, for example a restaurant can’t refuse a person with a guide dog because they do not allow animals. If a …15….. person needs a helper, a shop must change a policy of only allowing one person in a changing room at a time.
People who sell or let properties can’t unreasonably discriminate against disabled people. Schools and colleges must provide information on their facilities for disabled students. The law also provides a right of …..16…….. to railways and bus stations and allows the government to set minimum criteria for disabled access to new buses, trains and taxis.
(By Y. Pat, Mastering Social Welfare.)
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian.
TASK 3. Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups.
Is there any similar anti-discriminatory legislation in your country?
Does it really have an impact on the places you visit – colleges, schools, sport centers, and workplaces?
Are people familiar with the requirements of this legislation?
What is really done in your country for disabled people?
What changes are needed to improve the life of disabled people?
TEXT 7. Education and care and support services
TASK 1. Read the passage about the problems of educational provision for disabled people and about care and support services that exist in the UK. Be ready to answer the questions given below.
There are disadvantages and advantages of educating children and young disabled people in separate schools. A girl with restricted movement in one side tells how the cruelty of other girls in school led her to ask if she could attend a special school. She says that in the special school: ‘It was much easier to make friends and I didn’t feel an outsider any more. Everyone had a disability and no one was self-conscious about it. They treated each other as human beings and you could be friends with anyone.’
This young woman is however aware of her loss of contact with the outside world. Another woman who suffered from a disease called brittle bones tells of her isolation until she went to a boarding school for girls with disabilities. Here she learnt the joy of sharing doubts and fears.
If people with a disability are to lead a full life in the community, practical help and support are needed. These services are provided either by health authorities or by local social services departments. Services provided by local authorities can vary from area to area but are likely to include the following:
of daily living and organize aids and adaptations for the home;
social workers providing advice, information and counselling;
home care stuff to help with personal care at home;
meals-on-wheels;
occupational therapists who provide advice on the practicalities;
day-centers offering a variety of educational, therapeutic and recreational facilities.
All of these services may be charged for, although usually on a means-tested basis.
(By Y. Pat, Mastering Social Welfare.)
TASK 2. Translate the text into Russian. Make a list of words in bold, translate them and learn them by heart.
TASK 3. Find out the meaning of the following words and phrases. Complete the sentences given below filling in the gaps with the appropriate word or phrase. There is one extra word that you do not need to use.
a) Employment Training
b) special hospitals
c) health care
d) a key worker
e) voluntary organizations
f) legislation
g) supervision register
h) residential care
i) disability
j) a care plan
k) short-term care
l) day care centers
1. In Britain, ……… is provided partly by the National Health Service (NHS) and partly by private medicine.
2. She gets a ……… pension from the government.
3. In the 1990s the program of ……… was issued by the British government for training people who have been unemployed for six months or more to help them get jobs.
4. ……… is a system of care for old people who are unable to look after themselves at home, need nursing or other professional care which their families cannot provide.
5. Where appropriate, mentally ill people are provided with accommodation in ………, local authority accommodation, or homes run by private or …………… .
6. Local authority services include ……… , support in the home, the provision of ………, and help with the other activities outside the home.
7. Patients who have been discharged from hospitals may be placed on a ………. .
8. Under the Care Program Approach, mentally ill people should be assessed by specialist services, ………, and ……… should be appointed for each patient.
TASK 4. Answer the following questions and share your ideas with your partner.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of
organising special educational institutions and
educational programs for disabled people?
Is there any special educational provision for
disabled people in your country?
Compare the system of educational provision and
care and support services described in the
passage with those that exist in your country.
What can be done to improve the system of
services for disabled people?
TEXT 8. Discrimination against women
TASK 1. Study these survey results (UK, 2003). How would you answer the survey question given below? Discuss your responses within your group.
Do you think it is easier to be a man or a woman?
|
Females |
Males
|
To be a man |
30% |
21%
|
To be a woman
|
59% |
65% |
TASK 2. You are going to read a text which contains examples of the discrimination against women in different parts of the world. Some parts from the text have been removed.
A. In the U.S.A., students discriminate and attack girls in school who are lesbian, bi-sexual, or transgendered, or do not conform to male standards of female behavior |
B. We live in a world in which women do not have basic control over what happens to their bodies. Millions of women and girls are forced to marry and have sex with men they do not desire. |
C. Men in Pakistan, South Africa, Peru, Russia, and Uzbekistan beat women in the home at astounding rates, while these governments alternatively refuse to intervene to protect women and punish their batterers or do so haphazardly and in ways that make women feel culpable for the violence. |
D. Doctors and government officials disproportionately target women from disadvantaged or marginalized communities for coercive family planning policies. |
E. Arguments that sustain and excuse these human rights abuses - those of cultural norms, "appropriate" rights for women, or western imperialism - barely disguise their true meaning: that women's lives matter less than men's. |
Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of abject deprivation and attacks against their fundamental human rights for no other reason than that they are women. Combatants and their sympathizers in conflicts, such as those in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, and Rwanda, have raped women as a weapon of war with near complete impunity. ____1____ As a direct result of inequalities found in their countries of origin, women from Ukraine, Moldova, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, Burma, and Thailand are bought and sold, trafficked to work in forced prostitution, with insufficient government attention to protect their rights and punish the traffickers. In Guatemala, South Africa, and Mexico, women's ability to enter and remain in the work force is obstructed by private employers who use women's reproductive status to exclude them from work and by discriminatory employment laws or discriminatory enforcement of the law.
____2____Women in Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia face government-sponsored discrimination that renders them unequal before the law - including discriminatory family codes that take away women's legal authority and place it in the hands of male family members – and restricts women's participation in public life.
Abuses against women are relentless, systematic, and widely tolerated, if not explicitly condoned. Violence and discrimination against women are global social epidemics, notwithstanding the very real progress of the international women's human rights movement in identifying, raising awareness about, and challenging impunity for women's human rights violations.
____3____Women are unable to depend on the government to protect them from physical violence in the home, with sometimes fatal consequences, including increased risk of HIV/AIDS infection. Women in state custody face sexual assault by their jailers. Women are punished for having sex outside of marriage or with a person of their choosing (rather than of their family's choosing). Husbands and other male family members obstruct or dictate women's access to reproductive health care.____4____Our duty as activists is to expose and denounce as human rights violations those practices and policies that silence and subordinate women.
We reject any law, culture, or religion in which women are systematically discriminated against, excluded from political participation and public life, segregated in their daily lives, raped in armed conflict, beaten in their homes, denied equal divorce or inheritance rights, killed for having sex, forced to marry, assaulted for not conforming to gender norms, and sold into forced labor.____5____
Cultural relativism, which argues that there are no universal human rights and that rights are culture-specific and culturally determined, is still a formidable and corrosive challenge to women's rights to equality and dignity in all facets of their lives.
The Women's Rights Division of Human Rights Watch fights against the dehumanization and marginalization of women. We promote women's equal rights and human dignity. The realization of women's rights is a global struggle based on universal human rights and the rule of law. It requires all of us to unite in solidarity to end traditions, practices and laws that harm women. It is a fight for freedom to be fully and completely human and equal without apology or permission. Women's human rights must be about making women's lives matter everywhere all the time. In practice, this means taking action to stop discrimination and violence against women.
(From: Newsweek. September 22, 2003.)
TASK 3. Divide the text above into logical parts and give them each a title.
TASK 4. List the examples of discrimination against women in different parts of the world.
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TASK 5. Give a direct translation of the underlined parts of the text.