Тема 17. Основні фінансові документи та видання.

План вивчення теми

1. Британські газети.

2. Американські газети.

3. Неособова форма дієслова. Герундій.

Навчальні цілі

Засвоїти лексичні одиниці та оволодіти комунікативними компетенціями, які забезпечують адекватну мовленнєву поведінку в ситуаціях, пов’язаних з розумінням і наданням інформації відносно британських та американських газет та видань.

Завдання та методичні рекомендації до вивчення теми

1.1.Прочитайте текст 1, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

TEXT 1

THE TIMES

The Times is daily newspaper published in London, one of Britain’s oldest and most influential newspapers. It is generally accounted, with The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph, one of Britain’s “big three” and has long been recognized as one of the world’s greatest newspapers.

Founded by John Walter in 1875, as The Daily Universal Register, the newspaper began as a 2 ½ -penny broadsheet whose main function was to publicize a system of typography in which Walter was then interested. It became The Times in1788, publishing commercial news and notices, along with some scandal. The founder’s son, John Walter II, took over the newspaper in 1803. He expanded it from 4 pages to 12 pages and, by the time control of the paper passed to his son, John Walter III, in 1848, the foundations of The Times’ reputation as Britain’s preeminent national journal and daily historical record has been laid.

Under its first great liberal editor, Thomas Barnes (editor from 1817 to 1841), The Times developed into a strong independent newspaper popularly described as the “Thunderer”. By the mid-1800s it had become a widely respected influence on British public opinion, and its circulation had grown by eight times. A companion weekly with its own editorial staff, The Sunday Times, was established in 1822. The Times maintained rigorous standards of reporting and writing and strove for meticulous accuracy. It came to be ruled by tradition, although its editorial views were independent, articulate, and strong. It was also seen as the very epitome of the British establishment, yet repeatedly it introduced innovative changes. John T. Delane became editor in 1841, and in his 36-year tenure his brilliant journalistic imprint was left on every aspect of the paper. In the midst of expanding The Times’ national coverage, he hired the world’s first war correspondent, William Howard Russell, to cover the Crimean War (1853-56) – the British government first learned of Russian peace proposals in The Times.

Late in the 19^th century, overspending and the inadvertent publication of a forgery against the Irish hero Charles Stewart Parnell brought The Times’ finances reputation, and circulation to a serious low. As part of the recovery effort, The Times entered into an agreement with the publishers of Encyclopedia Britannica for advertising and selling the 9^th and the 10^th editions. It was not until 1908 – when the sensationalist press lord Viscount Northcliffe, purchased the paper – that The Times was financially secure, but its editorial reputation continued to deteriorate until Lord Northcliffe’s death in 1922. In the 1950s, when Sir William Haley, then the director general of the BBC, became the editor (1952-67), The Times became once again a great newspaper. Makeup and editorial changes were introduced to make the paper more lively and interesting. News was put permanently on its front page in 1966 in place of advertisements. Modern typesetting and printing equipment were acquired which led to a disabling strike that resulted in suspension of publication for a year in 1978-79. But the newspaper and its reputation survived, and The Times and its companion paper, The Sunday Times, continued to thrive. In 1981, both papers were acquired by Rupert Murdoch, the Australian newspaper publisher.

1.2.Поставте п’ять запитань до тексту.

1.3.Ознайомтеся з деякими визначеннями термінів та вивчіть їх.

Словникова довідка 11

Circulation – the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are usually sold each day, week, month etc: The newspaper has a daily circulation of 55,000.

Typography – the work of preparing written material for printing.

Publish – to arrange for a book, magazine etc to be written, printed, and sold: The first edition was published in 1756.

4. Прочитайте текст, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

TEXT 2

THE FINANCIAL TIMES

The Financial Times is morning daily newspaper published in London. It has had strong influence on the financial policies of the British government. Founded in 1888 by brothers Sheridan, the Financial Times competed for many years and, finally in 1945, absorbed all finance-oriented papers. The Financial Times has specialized in reporting business and financial news while maintaining an independent editorial outlook. Occasionally, it attacks the financial policies of the British government. Circulation of the Financial Times is said to be one of the world’s highest among financial newspapers, second only to that of The Wall Street Journal. Printed as a broadsheet on distinctive pink paper, the Financial Times is the only paper in England providing full daily reports on the London Stock Exchange and world markets.

The “FT”, the “FT shares”, or the “FT index”, or rather the “FT share index” are common expressions in British business community. The Financial Times publishes “΄share index” which is used to show the current value of shares on the stock market. It is based on the prices of a selected number of shares. Because the number of the largest and most important companies is 100, the index is also called the FT 100 Share Index. 100 companies are in focus on a particular day, and the newspaper informs on whether the shares in those companies on the London Stock Exchange have generally risen or fallen in value. The index number depends on the share prices. For example: ‘The FT 100 Share Index closed at 5124, down 40 points on the day’; ‘Share prices rose in heavy trading’. Besides, interestingly, the Financial Times being printed on high quality pink paper is also called, in away of pun, ‘Quality Paper’.

5. Поставте п’ять запитань до тексту.

6. Ознайомтеся з деякими визначеннями термінів та вивчіть їх.

Словникова довідка 12

Outlook – your general attitude to life and the world: He’s got a good outlook on life.

Newspaper – a set of large folded sheets of printed paper containing news, articles, pictures, advertisements etc which is sold daily or weekly.

Stock market – 1) the business of buying and selling stocks and shares, 2) a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold.

2.1. Прочитайте текст, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

TEXT 3

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

The Wall Street Journal is daily business and financial newspaper edited in New York and sold throughout the United States. Other daily editions include The Asian Wall Street Journal, edited in Hong Kong, and The Wall Street Journal Europe, edited in Brussels.

The Wall Street Journal was founded by Charles H. Dow, of Dow&Company, primarily to cover business and financial news. The first issue was published on July 8, 1889. The newspaper’s accuracy and the breadth and detail of its coverage won it respect and success from the start. From its founding until early in the Great Depression, the Journal rarely ventured beyond business and economic news. Then, however, it began to carry occasional feature articles on other subjects. After World War II this trend increased, and by the 1960s the Journal regularly carried two feature articles on page one that only occasionally addressed business subjects, and then in a whimsical or amusing way.

Although perceived as favoring the interests of businesses, the Journal’s opinion and editorial pages reflect a wide range of highly informed business, political, and economic opinion; reader’s letters, and reviews of and comments on the arts. The long-established structure of the Journal includes complete tables reporting all financial and stock market activity for the preceding day as well as thorough reports and analyses of current business topics. The U.S. Journal added a weekend edition in 2005. By 2007 the Journal had received more than 30 Pulitzer Prizes for its coverage of such events as the September 11 attacks (2011) and American corporate scandals (2003).

In 2007 it was announced that Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation was acquiring Dow Jones&Company, publisher of the Journal, for $5 billion.

2.2. Поставте п’ять запитань до тексту.

2.3. Ознайомтеся з деякими визначеннями термінів та вивчіть їх.

Словникова довідка 13

Issue – a magazine or newspaper printed for a particular day, week, or month: the January issue of Newsweek.

Coverage – when a subject or event is reported on television or radio, or in newspapers: The allegations received widespread media coverage.

Opinion – judgement or advice from a professional person about something: When choosing an insurance policy it’s best to get an independent opinion.

3.1. Для ознайомлення з поняттям про неособові форми дієслова, а саме інфінітиву вивчіть Units 54, 56 підручника R. Murphy “English Grammar in Use”, Unit 10 J. Dooley, V. Evans “Grammarway 2”, а також підручник Кучина Н.М., Літвішко Т.Є., Токун І.І. “Вивчаємо граматику англійської мови: Технологія формування граматичних навичок. Частина 2: Неособові форми дієслова. Умовний спосіб”, розділ «Герундій». Основна література: [3]

3.2.Щоб навчитись вживати герундій, виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 1. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи правильну форму неособових форм дієслова.

1. When I’m tired, I enjoy ________ (watch) television. It’s relaxing.

2. It was a nice day, so we decided ________ (go) for a walk.

3. It’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy ______ (go) for a walk?

4. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind _________ (wait).

5. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford _________ (go) out very often.

6. I wish that dog would stop ______ (bark). It’s driving me mad.

7. Our neighbor threatened ________ (call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.

8. We were hungry, so I suggested _________ (have) dinner early.

Ситуація 2. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою, використовуючи правильну форму герундія.

1. З приємністю чекаю на зустріч з вами наступного тижня. (to meet)

2. Ця реклама потребує перепроектування. (to redesign)

3. Не існує виправдання зниженню продуктивності на вашому заводі. (to decrease)

4. Постановочна компанія закінчить знімати програму не раніше наступного місяця. (to film)

5. Він ризикував втратити мільйони доларів, коли розпочинав проект. (to lose)

6. Вона не може не любити його. (to love)

7. Я шкодую про те, що був неуважний до неї. (to be)

8. Існує можливість одержання замовлення на всю партію товару. (to secure)

9. Вона не звикла вставати так рано. (to get up)

10. Ви думали над тим, щоб попрацювати за кордоном? (to work)

11. Я не проти того, щоб ви купили акції цієї компанії. (to buy)