I. Answer the questions.

1. Who is an advocate?

2. What are the duties and responsibilities of the lawyer?

3. What are the lawyer’s loyalties in the work?

4. What are the distinctions of legal practice in different countries?

5. What do the notaries do?

II. Are these statements true or false according to the text?

1. A lawyer has to pass the final decision in the court.

2. A lawyer can settle a case without trial through negotiation and compromise.

3. In Germany attorneys are restricted to practice in specific territories.

4. In the USA lawyers are divided into barristers and solicitors.

5. In France an avocat is equal in rank to a law professor.

III. Insert the proper word into the following sentences and explain its meaning with the help of the dictionary.

1. At the trial the lawyer interrogates … .

2. In his work the lawyer has several … .

3. The advocates in Ukraine ensure the right to a defense against … .

4. The lawyer aids individuals in arranging and determining their legal rights through …, contracts or corporate bylaws.

5. The … have exclusive rights to deal with marriage settlements and wills.

IV. Find a proper definition for the following words.

1. witness	a) a person called to the bar and entitled to practice as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts
2. lawyer	b) discussion aimed at reaching an agreement
3. negotiation	c) a picture of a person, esp. one sought by the police, reconstructed from typical facial features according to witnesses’ descriptions
4. solicitor	d) a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place; a person giving sworn testimony to a court of law or the police
5. barrister	e) a member of the legal profession qualified to deal with conveyancing, the drawing up of wills, and other legal matters; he may also instruct barristers and represent clients in some courts
6. notary	f) a legal document containing instructions as to what should be done with one’s money and property after one’s death
7. will	g) a person who practices or studies law, esp. (in the UK) a solicitor or a barrister or (in the US) an attorney
8. identikit	h) a person authorized to perform certain legal formalities, esp. to draw up or certify contracts, deeds, and other documents for use in other jurisdictions

V. Put the verb into the correct form.

1. I think this lawyer will be able … (to settle) the case through negotiations without the trial.

2. I should like to call two witnesses who can … (to testify) on my client’s behalf.

3. Roman law … (to influence) many modern European legal systems.

4. Don’t come in! The identikit of the maniac-murderer … (to make).

5. A body of expert lawyers … (to need) to apply the law.

VI. All the verbs in the box relate to legal matters. Use the past tense forms to complete the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example.

accuse	confess	drop	fine
acquit	award	engage	imprison
arrest	charge	grant	plead
release	seize	serve

1. After six hours of questioning the accused man confessed.

2. The government … an amnesty to all political prisoners.

3. Her boss … her of stealing money.

4. The secret police … him for six months in a high security jail.

5. We … the best commercial lawyer we could find to represent us but we still lost the case.

6. The prisoner … guilty to all charges.

7. On 12 August they … him with murder.

8. The policeman stopped the car and … the driver.

9. The president … the opposition leader from prison.

10. The court … him $2,500 for obtaining money be false pretences.

11. After consideration, the plaintiff … the against his neighbour.

12. The customs … the shipment of books.

13. He … six months in a local prison.

14. The Crown Court … the plaintiff $75,000 in damages plus costs.

15. Two of the men were sent to prison, but the judge … the third.