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8. Decide which sentences are true and which are false. Make the false sentences true.

1. In English tradition murder was defined as the manslaughter killing.

2. The old English rule extended this concept to include not only intentional or deliberate killings but also accidental killings in the course of some other serious crime (such as robbery or rape).

3. The felony murder rule was not adopted in many other jurisdictions, although it has often produced harsh results when death has been caused accidentally in the course of what was intended to be a minor crime.

4. Murder and manslaughter are not mentioned in the Koran and are subject in Islamic countries to customary law as amended by Shari' ah.

5. Virtually all systems treat murder as a crime of the utmost gravity, providing in some cases the fine or warning.

7. A high proportion of murders in all societies is committed spontaneously by persons acquainted with the deceased, often a member of the same family, as a result of quarrels or provocation.

9. Read the text again to fill in the gaps.

1. In English tradition murder was defined as the willful killing with …. in being, the death occurring within … injury.

2. The old English rule extended this concept to include not only in­tentional or deliberate killings but also … killings in the course of some other … .

3. The fel­ony murder rule, was adopted in many other …, although it has often produced … when death has been caused … was intended to be … .

4. … and manslaughter are not mentioned in … and are subject in Islamic countries to custom­ary law as amended by Shari' ah.

5. … is the crime of the kill­ing someone illegally but not deliberately.

6. Virtually all systems treat murder as … .

7. A high proportion of murders in all societies … by persons acquainted with the deceased, of­ten a member of the same family, as a result of … .

1 0. Compare degrees of murder and punishment. Write a short essay, using the following clichés:

As I see it…

It seems to me that…

This raises the issue of…

I’m inclined to believe that…

I am convinced that…

Another objection is…

Lawyers would claim that…

One justification often given for ….is …

From the point of view…

All things considered, …

The obvious conclusion to be drawn is that…

Focus on Grammar

11. Translate from Russian into English, using the Subjunctive Mood.

1. Адвокат позвонит Вам, перед тем как уехать в Лондон. 2. Мистер Браун свяжется с ним, как только появится полиция. 3. Если бы полиция не предоставила эти важные улики, мы бы не смогли ничего доказать. 4. Если бы он признался во всем, он бы не сидел в тюрьме! 5. Он будет работать там адвокатом, когда закончит университет.

  1. Change the sentences as in the example.

Example: The sentence was so severe because of the aggravating circumstances.

But for the aggravating circumstances the sentence would not be so severe.

1. The thief broke his leg and was caught by the police. 2. He found some witnesses and managed to prove his alibi. 3. The trial didn't last long because the suspect pleaded guilty to the murder charge. 4. We didn't find any evidence at the scene of the crime because of the fire. 5. The driver couldn't see well in the fog and knocked down an old woman. 6. Kelly was imprisoned for life for his part in bomb attacks. 7. We proved it was Patrick Magee. We found his fingerprints in the room.

8. You participated in the conspiracy, that's why you are considered an accomplice.

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