1. Identify the denotational and connotational aspects of lexical meaning of the given words.

Celebrated- notorious, to deal with-to grapple with, sophisticated –hardened, adventure – ordeal, perfect – flawless, to glance- to glare, adulation – respect, ugly- repulsive, to murmur- to mutter.

2. Define the kind of association involved in the semantic change.

Model: glass (a transparent solid substance used for making windows, bottles, etc.) — a glass (a container used for drinking, made of glass) The kind of association involved in the semantic change in the words glass —a glass is known as metonymy or the contiguity of meaning.

1) the foot of a person — the foot of a mountain; 2) jean (heavy twilled cotton cloth, esp. denim) —jeans (trousers made of denim); 3) Matisse (proper name) — a Mattisse (a painting); 4) the wing of a bird — the wing of a building; 5) the key to a door — the key to a mystery; 6) copper (metal) — copper (coin); 7) the heart of a man — the heart of a city; 8) crown (a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch) — crown (monarchy); 9) a whip (a lash used to urge horses on) — a whip (an official in the British Parliament to see that members are present at debates); 10) China (a country) — china (dishes made of porcelain.

3. Analyze the meanings of the italicized words. Identify the result of changes of the denotational aspect of lexical meaning in the given words. Model: loan: 'a gift from a superior; a thing borrowed' — 'a sum of money which is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back, usually together with an additional amount of money that you have to pay as a charge for borrowing' The result of the change of the denotational aspect of lexical meaning of the word loan is that the word became more specialized in meaning (restriction of meaning, specialization).

1) camp 'a place where troops are lodged in tents' — 'a place where people live in tents or hunts'; 2) girl: 'a small child of either sex' —'a small child of the female sex'; 3) bird: 'a young bird' — 'a creature with wings and feathers which can usually fly in the air'; 4) arrive: 'reach the shore after a voyage' — 'reach a place at the end of a journey or a stage in a journey'; 5) deer: 'any quadruped (четвероногoe животнoe)' — 'a hoofed grazing or browsing animal, with branched bony antlers that are shed annually and typically borne only by the male'; 6) rug: 'rough woolen stuff — 'a small carpet'; 7) barn: 'a place for keeping barley' — 'a large farm building used for storing grain, hay, or straw or for housing livestock'; 8) glide: 'to move gently and smoothly' — 'fly with no engine'; 9) room: 'space' — 'a part or division of a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling'.

4.Analyze the meanings of the italicized words. Identify the result of the changes of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning in the given words.

Model: villain: 'a feudal serf, peasant cultivator in subjection to a lord' — a person guilty or capable of a crime or wickedness' The result of the change of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning of the word villain is that the word acquired a derogatory emotive charge (deterioration of meaning).

1) cunning: 'possessing erudition or skill' — 'clever in deceiving';2) knight: 'manservant' — 'noble courageous man'; 3) fond: 'foolish,infatuated (mad)' — 'loving, affectionate'; 4) gang:

'a group of people going together' — 'an organized group of criminals'; marshal: 'manservant attending horses' — 'an officer of the highest rank in the armed forces'; 6) coarse: 'ordinary, common' — 'rude or vulgar 7) minister, 'a servant' — 'a head of a government department';

8) enthusiasm: 'a prophetic or poetic frenzy (madness)' —‘ intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval'; 9) violent: 'having a market or powerful effect' — 'using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something'; 10) gossip: ‘ a god parent, a person related to one in God' — 'the one who talks scandal; tells slanderous stories about other people'.