Unit X. The Complex Sentence

Exercise 1. Analyze and translate the following sentences paying attention to the subject.

1) What goes into a system must eventually come out. 2) What we try to do is to foretell a general tendency rather than a particular development. 3) Whether the project will be approved at present is a matter of importance. 4) Whether this difference of approach played a decisive role in the final solution of the problem remains a subject for speculation. 5) It is obvious that an increased pressure will tend to prevent this expansion and thus to prevent the conversion of water into steam. 6) What they were speaking about was quite clear to him. 7) Where I shall find all the necessary data for my report is still a question. 8) What is necessary for us at present is to get all the necessary data. 9) How to use personal experience in practical work must be known to every specialist. 10) What has been called the scientific method began to appear in the time of Galilei.

Exercise 2. Analyze and translate paying attention to the predicate.

1) The conclusion I arrived at was that he had a special purpose in asking me his last question and. a special interest in hearing my answer to it. 2) The question is whether the topic is important enough to unite all the participants. 3) One of the reasons why people before the eighteenth century knew hardly anything about gases was that they were difficult to handle. 4) Another remarkable fact is that the instruments not only show the operator how things are at the mo­ment, but warn him of impending disturbances. 5) The question is whether they will finish the test in time. 6) The main point was where he could find the necessary data for his experiments. 10) This is why I want to be present at the tests.

Exercise 3. Translate paying attention to the object.

1) The experiments show that light travels with great speed in a vacuum and that it travels with different speeds in different mediums. 2) The engineer said that he would be able to make the experiment the members of the committee spoke about at the last conference. 3) He asked me to tell him what place I had come from and where I was going to. 4) The delegates were asked if they themselves would select the laboratories they wanted to visit. 5) This instrument serves to indicate to the pilot whether his engine is operating efficiently. 6) The post-graduates say the text they must translate is the most difficult one they have ever had. 7) When heating gases we find they act in exactly the same way as liquids.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences paying atten­tion to the attribute.

1) Instead of replying to my words he gave me the article he referred to in his report. 2) Microphones may be divided into classes according to the service they are intended for. 3) He delivered such a report that everybody was pleased with. 4) The usual courses which post-graduates usually take are: a foreign language, philosophy, speciality, and some others. 5) The college the new assistant arrived from supplied him with excellent recommendations. 6) The university he arrived at was just starting up a new laboratory. 7) It was the kind of laboratory he was willing to work in. 8) The report he made after their delegation had visited our laboratory shows that he has finally realized the importance of the work we are doing here.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the adverbial modifier.

1) You must remember about it wherever you are. 2) The bell or other alarm signal operates only when the circuit is broken. 3) As the warm air rises, cooler air takes its place. 4) It is a highly important instrument as it may be used in many experiments. 5) We’ll go to the lecture on psychology for it seems to be interesting.

Exercise 6. Identify different clauses and translate into Russian.

1) The question is whether he will send you to the conference or go himself. 2) The only real danger for physics is that it will become too pure and isolated from the practical problems of life for young people to want to study it at all. 3) The evidence we possess does not support the conclusion. 4) The only advantage of a lecture over the printed text is the immediate contact it offers between the lecturer and audience. 5) Sometimes people may think they are more efficient than they really are. 6) The food we eat provides the chemicals the body needs to continue functioning. 7) If the scientist succeeds in confirming his repeated observations it may be stated that an empirical law or rule of nature has been discovered. 8) An efficient laboratory head always knows how to get his people to do their work properly and on time. 9) How the application of his discovery will affect man is sometimes rather hard for scientist to foresee. 10) If the new knowledge about the world is used for the benefit of man, the human race can continue to benefit from science for centuries to come. 11) Much of that we do in space, much of what is expected of us strains out technology to the breaking point. 12) One of the fundamental problems of today is whether we shall be able to meet the challenge of the environmental crisis.