6. Insert the necessary prepositions.
Information systems help banks determine credit worthiness …… a client applying …… a loan.
You will need both computer and information literacy to compete …… many jobs.
Information systems are vital …… the successful operation …… most businesses and organizations.
Almost anyone who takes advantage …… microcomputers, improves his/her productivity.
To gain access …… needed information you must know how to use software required …… your job.
7. Discussion
How do computers and information systems affect the creation and management of information?
UNIT IV
BASIC TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. Read and translate the text.
Over the last several decades the management of information and, thus, of computers and information systems has become increasingly more important to the attainment of an organization‘s goals. Information is the life-blood of an organization. Most activities performed by managers in an organization – such as problem identification and solution, control, and decision-making – are based on information. Managers need to receive accurate and timely information to accomplish these activities effectively. Computers and information system permit information to be acquired, processed, and distributed efficiently. They enable businesses to gain a competitive edge because accurate, timely, and more complete information allows better decisions to be made.
Most organizations change as a result of both internal and external influences. Computers and information systems provide the means to gather and manage the appropriate information to keep pace with change. Changes in the marketplace, availability of resources, economic factors, and a host of other considerations force managers to reevaluate their goals and objectives. Computers and information systems help them gather and manage the information required to do this quickly and easily.
The integrated circuit, a combination of miniature transistors and circuits on a tiny silicon chips, has been important in developing the rapid growth of information systems technology. This industry can be divided into three major segments: communications, data processing and office automation (See Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 The Broad Scope of Information Systems Technology
One useful way to represent how an organization can employ information systems technology is to think in terms of three basic kinds of information systems: transaction processing, management information, and decision support systems. The data for these systems are organized into well-defined collections of data called files or databases.
Transaction Processing System
A transaction processing system captures the data necessary to update existing records whenever stored data about the fundamental business operations of the organization must be changed. A transaction is a unit of work that is elemental from the organization’s point of view. For example, in an order-entry system, a common transaction is entering a new order. For an accounts-receivable system, a common transaction is entering a customer payment.
The transaction processing system edits all input to ensure that it is accurate and complete. For example, a customer-order transaction is rejected if it contains an invalid account number or if the product code of the item ordered is missing. Valid transactions are accepted for further processing and invalid transactions are identified so that they can be corrected.