- •Questions to be discussed:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •I. Do the morphemic analysis of the words on the lines of the traditional and distributional classifications.
- •II. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given words are grouped.
- •III. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution.
- •IV. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •I. Define the casal semantics of the modifying component in the underlined phrases and account for their determination.
- •II. Open the brackets and account for the choice of the casal form of the noun:
- •III. Translate the sentences into English and define the semantic type of the casal phrase:
- •IV. Analyze the categorial features of the underlined wordforms:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •I. Analyze the modal meanings actualized by the infinitive and the infinitival complexes (possibility, necessity, desire, expression of an actual fact):
- •II. Rephrase the sentences so as to use a gerund as an object:
- •III. Choose infinitive or gerund and give your reasons:
- •IV. Point out Participle I, gerund or verbal noun:
- •V. Translate the phrases into English finding a suitable place for Participle I or Participle II.
- •VI. Account for the use of Complex Subject and Complex Object Constructions:
- •VII.Translate the sentences into English and comment on the structure of the Complex Object or on the absence of this construction:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •I. Dwell upon the categorial features of the verbs in the following sentences:
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •I. Dwell upon the actual division of the sentences and the language means used to mark it.
- •II. Define the communicative sentence type, dwell on the actual division of the following sentences. Define the speech-act features of these sentences.
- •Questions to be discussed:
- •II. Define the type of the subject and the predicate of the following sentences.
- •III. Build up the ic-model of the sentences.
III. Translate the sentences into English and define the semantic type of the casal phrase:
Никто не расслышал последние слова умирающего пациента.
Он купил новый офицерский китель.
Сестра подписалась на богато иллюстрированный дорогой женский журнал.
Утомительный десятимильный переход, казалось, вымотал всех, кроме капрала.
Неожиданное двадцатипроцентное увеличение зарплаты удивило сотрудников фирмы, поскольку они уже привыкли к скупости своего шефа.
IV. Analyze the categorial features of the underlined wordforms:
The boy was devouring cakes while the anxious-looking aunt tried to convince the Grahams that her sister’s only son could do no mischief.
MODEL: We had just finished the cocktails when the door was flung open and the Morstens’s girl came in, followed by a boy.
the cocktails – the nounal form is marked by the expression of the categorial meanings of plurality and identification and is unmarked in the categories of gender and case;
the door – the nounal form is marked by the expression of the categorial meaning of identification of the referent, and is unmarked in the expression of the categories of case, number, and gender;
the Morstens’s – the nounal form is marked by the expression of the categorial meanings of plurality, of identification of the referent, of appurtenance, and of animateness (the strong member of the upper opposition of the category of gender);
the girl – the nounal form is marked by the expression of the categorial meanings of identification of the referent and of the feminine gender. At the same time it is the unmarked member of the oppositions in the categories of case and number;
a boy – the nounal form is marked by the expression of the categorial meaning of the masculine gender, and is the unmarked member of the oppositions in the categories of case, number and article determination.
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Seminar 4
VERB: GENERAL. NON-FINITE VERBS
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A general outline of the verb as a part of speech.
Classification of verbs (notional verbs / semi-notional verbs / functional verbs).
Grammatical subcategorization of notional verbs (actional / statal / processual; limitive / unlimitive).
The valency of verbs (complementive / uncomplementive verbs; transitive / intransitive verbs).
A general outline of verbals: the categorial semantics, categories, syntactic functions.
The infinitive and its properties. The categories of the infinitive. Modal meanings of infinitival complexes.
The gerund and its properties. The categories of gerund. The notion of half-gerund.
The present participle, the past participle, and their properties.
Questions to be discussed:
What is the general categorial meaning of the verb?
What does the processual categorial meaning of the verb determine?
What grammatical categories find formal expression in the outward structure of the verb?
What criteria underlie the subclassification of notional verbs?
What does aspective verbal semantics find its expression in?
What combinability characteristics does the verb have?
What are the mixed lexico-grammatical features of the verbids revealed in?
What is peculiar to the predication expressed by the verbids?
Which of the verbids is considered the head-form of the whole paradigm of the verb?
What grammatical categories does the infinitive distinguish?
What grammatical categories does the gerund have?
What grammatical categories differentiate the present participle from the past participle?
What considerations are relevant for interpreting the half-gerund as gerundial participle?
EXERCISES