Урок пятый

Переводчику не стоит браться за перевод текста, в тематике которого он не очень хорошо разбирается. Однако иногда переводчик может встретиться с терминами и понятиями, которые ему не знакомы. В этом нет ничего опасного, если подойти к этому с умом (в конце концов, абсолютно во всём разбираться невозможно), и нужно прежде узнать о них побольше, но обычных словарей для этого бывает недостаточно. Тогда необходимо прибегнуть к помощи специальных словарей, различного рода энциклопедий, справочников и сети Интернет.

Упражнение 1. Переведите отрывок из текста по медицине, обращая внимание на используемые термины.

Acute Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus, which reaches the bones via the blood stream from a distant focus, often a throat infection. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces. From there the suppuration spreads.

Almost always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under tension and to obliteration by the subperiosteal abscess of the periosteal vessels supplying the bone cortex. The main nutrient artery itself may be thrombosed, leading to necrosis of the major part of the bone.

In a typical case the onset is sudden. The pain and inflammation of the bone are accompanied by marked toxaemia. The temperature rises, the face is flushed and the tongue is furred. Delirium is frequent. The pain is severe. The limb is held immobile.

The disease generally affects children, especially if in poor health, after an infection fever. Sometimes there is a history of minor injury to the part a few days before the onset of acute symptoms.

Acute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, especially when it affects deep-seated bone, such as the upper end of the femur, pelvis or vertebrae. In those who survive the acute phase the disease often persists as chronic osteomyelitis. Eventually complete restoration of functions and general health will be expected in most cases, when appropriate treatment is applied.

Задание

Проанализируйте и обсудите в группе варианты перевода текста и места, вызвавшие наибольшие затруднения при переводе. Чем, по вашему мнению, эти трудности обусловлены?

Упражнение 2. Переведите самостоятельно текст по металлургии, проанализируйте и сравните разные варианты перевода.

The steel manufacturing process

Iron ore is converted to steel via two main steps. The first involves the production of molten iron and the second is that of actual steel manufacture. The details of these steps are outlined below.

Step 1 – The production of molten iron

The Primary Concentrate is mixed with limestone and coal and heated. The iron oxides are reduced in the solid state to metallic iron, which then melts, and the impurities are removed either as slag or gas.

The multi-hearth furnaces

There are four multi-hearth furnaces, each of which feeds a rotary kiln. The furnaces preheat the materials fed into the rotary kiln and reduce the amount of volatile matter present in the coal from about 44% to about 9%. This is important because the large volumes of gas produced during the emission of the volatile matter would otherwise interfere with the processes in the rotary kiln.

There are 12 hearths in each furnace and the feedstock passes down through these. In the first three hearths, hot gases from the lower stages preheat the material in the absence of air to about 450°C. Air is introduced in hearths 4 to 9 to allow combustion of the volatile material, so as to increase the temperature to about 650°C. The supply of air is adjusted to control the percentage of residual volatiles and coal char in the product. In the final hearths (10–12) the char and the primary concentrate equilibrate and the final temperature is adjusted to 620°C. The total residence time in the multi-hearth furnace is 30–40 minutes.