14. Translate the following paying attention to the Gerundial Construction.

1.The explanation lies in the product being more stable.

2.We knew of computer having been invented many decades ago.

3.His having advanced his idea seemed strange at that time.

4.Her having formulated the problem this way seemed rather unexpected.

5.Their having presented the problem in every detail helped us to grasp their idea.

Translate the text into Ukrainian cyber terrorism

Government officials and Information Technology security specialists have documented a significant increase in Internet problems and server scans since early 2001. But there is a growing concern among federal officials that such intrusions are part of an organized effort by cyber terrorists, foreign intelligence services, or other groups to map potential security holes in critical systems. A cyber terrorist is someone who intimidates or coerces a government or organization to advance his or her political or social objectives by launching computer-based attack against computers, network, and the information stored on them.

Cyber terrorism in general, can be defined as an act of terrorism committed through the use of cyberspace or computer resources. As such, a simple propaganda in the Internet, that there will be bomb attacks during the holidays can be considered cyber terrorism. As well there are also hacking activities directed towards individuals, families, organized by groups within networks, tending to cause fear among people, demonstrate power, collecting information relevant for ruining peoples' lives, robberies, blackmailing etc.

Cyber-extortion is a form of cyber terrorism in which a website, e-mail server, or computer system is subjected to repeated denial of service or other attacks by malicious hackers, who demand money in return for promising to stop the attacks. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, cyber-extortionists are increasingly attacking corporate websites and networks, crippling their ability to operate and demanding payments to restore their service. More than 20 cases are reported each month to the FBI and many go unreported in order to keep the victim's name out of the domain. Perpetrators typically use a distributed denial-of-service attack.

Контрольна робота N 2

Ex.1. Underline the correct alternatives.

1. Of all the methods available in/for/at separating signals from noise the most widely used is that involving filtering.

2. The principle of/upon/with sharing the same line between a number of terminals is shown in Fig.6.

3. Before/by/at introducing these new elements more needs to be said about the practical uses of flowcharts.

4. In/upon at handling a telephone call an exchange performs three essential functions.

5. The first satellites were seen as a way about/in /of communicating with people who lived in isolated areas of the word.

Ex.2 Find the verbs in the Subjunctive Mood, underline them and translate the sentences into Ukrainian

1. If there were no frictional losses in a machine, a machine would be 1000% efficient.

2. The demand is that in modern military aircraft he fuel tank be made bulletproof.

3. It is essential that he should inform us regularly on the state of his research work.

4. The demand is that a mass spectrometer intended for an investigation of the upper atmosphere should be exceedingly reliable and simple in operation.

Ex.3 Find the Gerund, state its function and translate the sentences.

5. Besides being small in size, equipment of the transistor is light weight.

6. The ancient Greeks were trying to explain the movements of the planet by assuming the earth to be the centre of the Universe.

7. The results of the test are worth mentioning.

8. Since power is the rate of doing work, the amount of work done in a given time is the rate of doing work multiplied by the time.

Ex.4 Find the elliptical constructions, study them and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Galileo proved that objects fall at the same speed whatever their weight

2. With no free oxygen and little, if any, water, Mars still appears to have rather good evidence of life.

3. Electrical disturbances, no matter how weak, produce radio waves which are picked up by the antenna of the receiver.

4. Whatever the method, the calculation must be precise

Ex.5 Translate the following sentences, in which the noun is guided by two pronouns that are joined by the conjunction.

Model:

An antenna radiates most efficiently at or near its fundamental wave.- Антена випромінює найбільш ефективно на основній хвилі чи поряд з нею.

1. At the beginning of the 20^th century people did not think of flying at or above the speed of sound.

2. This tube was designed for and will find its widest application in colour TV receivers.

3. The vast majority of transformers receive power from and deliver power to circuits with approximately constant potentials.

4. By using magnetometers and telemetering it is possible to study electrical currents flowing in and beyond the ionosphere.

Ex.6 Translate the following sentences. Be sure that you know the meaning of the following words.

3. The planet Pluto was discovered as recently as 1930.

4. The possibility of releasing large amounts of energy was demonstrated as early as 1919 by Rutherford.

3. It was as recently as December 1937 that the first flight of radio-controlled airplane using automatic landing techniques.

Ex.7 Translate the followings terms containing as the first component the world

High “високий “, “великий “.

Model: high-power station.

Силова станція великої потужності ( потужна силова станція).

1.high-speed storage

2. high-speed indicator

3. high-speed switch

4. high-power gun

5. high-power modulation

6. high-ratio transformer

7. high-wing monoplane

8. high-pass filter

Ex.8 Translate from English into Ukrainian paying attention to the different meaning of the translation of the following word combinations:

It follows that – звідси виходить, що

It takes - потрібно

It turns out that – виявляється, що

e time it takes a planet to travel around the Sun is called a year.

2. It took nature millions of years to make coal and oil.

3.It is possible to determine with considerable precision the time it takes a body to fall various distances.

4. It turns out that microwave region is as useful as the optical region for a number of applications.

5. It turns out that the problem of carrying away dangerous by-products is not yet solved .

Ex.9. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Memorize some expressions used with the gerund.

1. It is worth-while carring out several experimental studies.

2.. It goes without saying …

3. It is worth considering an alternative method.

4. My scissors wants sharpening.

5. That needs explaining.

Ex.10 Fill in the gaps with the following words and translate the sentences.

Hub, server, LAN, gateway, client, bridge, network, router

1. A ---------- is an interface enabling dissimilar networks to communicate.

2. A ---------- is a hardware and software combination used to connect the same type of networks.

3. A ---------- is a special computer directing messages when several networks are linked.

4. A ---------- is a number of computers and peripherals linked together.

5. A ---------- is a network connecting computers over a small distance such as within a company.

6. A ---------- is a powerful computer storing data shared by all the clients in the network.

7. A ---------- is a network computer used for accessing a service on a server.

8. A ---------- is an electronic device connecting all the data cabling in a network.

Ex.11 Some verbs beginning or ending with en have a causative meaning. Replace the words in italics in these sentences with the appropriate form of en verb from this list.

Enable encrypt ensure

Encode enlarge enhance

Encourage brighten widen

11. A MIDI message makes sound into code as 8-bit bytes of digital information.

12. The teacher is using a new program to give courage to children to write stories.

13. The new version of SimCity has been made better in many ways.

14. A gateway makes it possible for dissimilar networks to communicate.

15. You can convert data to secret code to make it secure.

16. Make sure the machine is disconnected before you remove the case.

17. Designer can offer good ideas for making your website brighter.

18. Electronic readers allow you to make the print size larger.

19. Programmers write software which makes the computer able to carry out particular tasks.

20. You can make the picture on your monitor wider.

Ex12. Complete the gaps in this summary of the text on operating systems using these linking words and phrases and translate:

Although because but in addition such as therefore

The user is aware of the effects of different applications programs ……… operating systems are invisible to most users. They lie between applications programs,…….. word processing, and the hardware. The supervisor program is the most important. It remains in memory, ……… it is referred to as resident. Others are called non-resident ……… they are loaded into memory only when needed. Operating systems manage the computer’s resources, …….. the central processing unit. ………., they establish a user interface, and execute and provide services for applications software. ………. input and output operations are invoked by applications programs, they are carried out by the operating systems.

Ex.13. Choose the one word that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence.

1. The product is a very specialized new method of making lasers for optical fibre systems.

a) constructing

b) fabricating

c) composing

d) producing

2. The process of approximating the sample value to a coded level is called quantization.

a) approaching

b) approving

c) appreciating

d) appointing

3. You might be interested in having access to data banks.

a) having key

b) having entry

c) having luck

d) having progress

4. By our increasing the pressure we increase the force.

a) multiplying

b) raising

c) loading

d) putting

5. They succeeded in rapidly converting industry to war production.

a) lifting

b) altering

c) changing

d) moving

Ex 14. Translate the following paying attention to the Gerundial Construction.

1. Our being able to cope with the problem seemed unrealistic at that time.

2. His having found the key to the solution of the problem seemed improbable.

3. His having succeeded in solving it was quite unexpected for our scientific community.

4. We do insist on this experiment being made at earliest possible opportunity.

5. She is against being sent to this region of the country.