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Рекомендуемые лексико-логические конструкции

To list points

Firstly, First of all, In the first place, To begin/start with Secondly, Thirdly, Finally

To list advantages

One/Another/A further/An additional advantage of ... is ...

The main/greatest/first advantage of ... is ...

To list disadvantages

One/Another/A further/An additional disadvantage/drawback of... is ...

The main/greatest/most serious/first disadvantage/drawback of... is ...

Another negative aspect of ... is ...

To introduce points/arguments for and against

One (very convincing) point/argument in favour of .../against ... is ...

A further common criticism of ...

To add more points to the same topic

In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, Apart from, What is more, As well as, Not to mention the fact that, not only...but also, As well, Both...and

To make contrasting points

On the other hand, However, Still, Yet, But, Nonetheless, Nevertheless, Although, Though, Even though, While, Whereas, Despite, in spite of the fact that, Regardless of the fact that

To introduce examples

For example, For instance, Such as, Like, In particular, Particularly, Especially, This is clearly illustrated by the fact that, One/A clear/striking/typical example of (this) is...

To express reality

In fact, Actually, In practice, In effect

To make general statements

As a rule, Generally, In general, On the whole, In most cases

To make partially correct statements

To a certain extent/degree, to some extent/degree, to a limited extent, This is partly true (but)

To explain a point

In other words, That is to say, This means that

To express cause

Owing to, Due to, on the grounds that, given that, Because, As, Since

To express effect

Therefore, Thus, As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, So, For this reason

To express intention

To, So as to, In order to, So that, With the intention of ...-ring

Приложение 3

Аббревиатуры и слова латинского происхождения, рекомендуемые для использования в проекте вкр

anon.

anonymous (no author)

asap

as soon as possible

c.


circa (in dates – about)

cf.

compare

ed.

editor/edition


e.g.

for example

et al.

and others (used in place of names of multiple authors)


etc.

et cetera (and so on – do not use this in academic work)


etseq. (et sequens)

and the following (pages)

ex ante

intended, desired or expected before the event.

Fig.

figure (for labelling charts and graphs)

a fortiori

with stronger reason

ibid.

in the same place (to refer to source mentioned immediately before)

i.e.

that is

inter alia

among(st) other things

ipso facto

obvious from the facts

K



thousand

modus operandi

a method of working, a system

NB.

take careful note
, take special note of

nd


no date (i.e. an undated source)


non sequitur

it does not follow logically

op. cit.

in the source mentioned previously

p.a.

yearly (per annum)


paripassu

with equal speed or progress, side-by-side

pp.

pages

prima facie

at first sight, on first consideration

a priori

from the former, from cause to effect

a posteriori

from the latter, from effect to cause

pro forma

as a matter of form

PS


postscript

re:


with reference to

status quo

the existing state of affairs

vs

versus

via

by way of, by means of, through

Приложение 4

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