- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Translate the words paying attention to their meaning: means, to mean, by means of, by no means, by all means.
- •V.Translate the sentences.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Put each word in brackets in appropriate degrees of comparison.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with “who, whom, whose, what, which”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the following word combinations.
- •IV.Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below.
- •V. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Arrange the jumbled words into the right order.
- •V. Translate the word combinations.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses.
- •Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions.
- •V. Fill in the gaps with “much” or “many”.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle II.
- •Market research
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with “little, a little, few, a few”.
- •V. Read the following numerals.
- •VI. Translate sentences with the word “one”.
- •VII. Translate sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give the Russian equivalents to the international words.
- •IV. Write down the Russian equivalents.
- •Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the vocabulary of the text.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words “some” and “the same”.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions: of, by, with, in, from, to, upon, through.
- •Fill in the gaps with “some, any, no”.
- •VI. Translate sentences paying attention to the word “earn”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Open the brackets and put the verbs in proper form.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “to be going to”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions: to, without, for, in, at, from, with
- •Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •VII. Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Find in the text synonyms for the following words.
- •V.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •VII.Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences with the verb “wonder”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IV. Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •V.Write the following dates in English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the word combinations.
- •IV.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Write and read the following numerals in English.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Infinitive.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX.Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Innovation
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV.Translate the conditional sentences.
- •V. Chose the correct active or passive form of the verb.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III.Choose the antonyms of the following words.
- •IV.Translate into English.
- •V.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •Transport
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech.
- •IV.Translate the following word combinations.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI.Complete the Tag questions.
- •VII.Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs into the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
Commentary and Notes to the text
Model T (Ford Model T) модель Форд-Т (легковой автомобиль, выпускавшийся с 1908-го по 1927 гг)
DOS disk operating system дисковая операционная система, ДОС
candlestick ['kændlstɪk] подсвечник
entrepreneur[ˌɔntrəprə'nɜː ]; [ˌɑːntrəprə'nɜː] бизнесмен, предприниматель
encourage[ɪn'kʌrɪʤ ] ободрять; поощрять, поддерживать
employee [ˌɪmplɔɪ'iː ] служащий; работающий по найму
cope with [kəup] справиться; выдержать, совладать
substantial [səb'stæn(t)ʃ(ə)l] основной, главный, важный
confront [kən'frʌnt] стоять лицом к лицу; сталкиваться лицом к лицу
approval [ə'pruːv(ə)l] одобрение; благоприятное мнение
smart [smɑːt] умный, разумный; интеллектуальный; развитой
imaginative [ɪ'mæʤɪnətɪv] творческий, оригинальный
permission [pə'mɪʃ(ə)n] позволение, разрешение
II.Answer the following questions.
1. Why is innovation essential to business success?
2. Why are small business entrepreneurs frequently innovators for new products?
Do small businesses tend to have close communications with their customers, suppliers, and employees?
Managers can be given freedom in decision making, can’t they?
What problems may confront the owners of small enterprises?
Why should companies encourage their workers to be imaginative?
III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
own, owner, to own, owned, ownership, ownerless
to encourage, courage, courageous, courageously
inability, to be able, ability, abled, to be unable
IV.Translate the conditional sentences.
1. I’d change my plans if it depended on me alone.
2. We wouldn’t suggest it if we didn’t find it necessary.
3. If I were you, I wouldn’t waste so much time on it.
4. I shouldn’t be surprised if nobody supported this suggestion.
5. If Apple Corp. had not innovated, we would not have iPhones.
6. If Microsoft had stopped innovating, we never would have seen Windows operating systems.
7. If manufacturers had stopped innovating, we would all be driving Model T's.
V. Chose the correct active or passive form of the verb.
1. Some corporations (win) the approval of consumers.
2. The small business may succeed because the owner-manager (know) the firm’s customers and their special needs.
3. Small businesses (have) close communications with their customers.
4. Sales (base) on quality and service rather than quantity and price.
5. Many problems of small business (confront) the owners of small enterprises.
6. Managers (give) freedom in decision making and provided with a variety of responsibilities.
7. The independent entrepreneur often (have) ideas for new or better products, processes, or services.
VI. Put questions to the parts of the sentences given in bold type.
1. Small business entrepreneurs are frequently innovators for new products.
2. The independent entrepreneur may have ideas for new and better products,
3. Small businesses tend to have close communications with their customers, suppliers, and employees.
4. The owner-manager knows the firm’s customers and their special needs
5. Sales can be based on quality and service rather than quantity and price.
6. Managers can be given freedom in decision making and provided with a variety of responsibilities.
7. Many problems confront the owners of small enterprises.