2. Technology of the Scientific research

2.1 Scientific research technology

 

The scientific research technology is a way to achieve the goal of the scientific study in conditions of defined staff of scientists, a set of hardware instruments, and research logic directions.

Scientific Study Logic is a set of the following components:

— knowledge problems,

— information structure (a list of information types and their relations),

— tools for sampling and preparation of this information,

— task setting procedures, solution searching methods.

The logic is developed in the methodology of the scientific research, and its description is the end result of the study.

The research technology determines its logic in accordance with the real possibilities of both technical means and scientific staff. If the logic establishes the full use of facilities of the staff and instruments, and the staff provides the research due to this logic, then the technology is adequate.

The research technology involves the implementation of such technological cycles:

• formulation of research topics and the working hypothesis development;

• definition of the objectives, tasks, object and subject of the study;

• theoretical and applied research implementation;

• composition of the report on the progress of the scientific research.

2.2 Selection of the theme of scientific research and definition of a working hypothesis

Scientific direction - is the sphere of the scientific research team to address certain fundamental and applied problems. The structural units of directions are complex issues, topics, issues. A complex problem involves several problems.

The scientific problem is a complex scientific task, which covers a large area of research and has long-term significance.

The scientific problem solution puts the common task to make a discovery, to open a new scientific direction, to develop a new approach for solving the problem.

The problem consists of multiple themes.

Theme is a scientific task, which covers a certain part of scientific research. It is based on various research issues.

Research issue is a small scientific problem, which is a part of the scientific research. The results of such a problem solving have not only theoretical but also practical significance.

Staging (selection) of a theme is complex, responsible task and involves several steps.

The first stage is the formulation of the problem. The basic question (issue) and, in general, the expected results are formulated on the basis of the contradictions of the investigated areas.

The second stage includes the problem structure development. There are topics, sub-topics, questions. On each topic, a set of the indicative study limitations is determined.

In the third stage, the relevance of the problem at present state of the science is determined. To do this, several objections are forwarded for each topic. Then these objections are removed step-by-step based on the research approach analysis. As a result, a decision of the problem solution reality is accepted. After this, the final structure of the problem is formed. The topics, sub-topics, questions are marked by some conventional codes.

The problem is usually discussed at a meeting of the academic council of the department to justify it. After the public representation, opponent discussing the final decision of the problem subject is accepted.

After the study of the problem and determining its structure, a scientist or a candidate for a degree chooses personally a study theme.