1. Raised intracranial pressure

2. Hypertension

3. Addison's disease

4. Acromegaly

5. Carbon dioxide retention

Answer: C* Addison's disease

***) All of the following are causes of papilledema, except:

1. Intracranial mass lesions

2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

3. Benign intracranial hypertension

4. Accelerated hypertension

5. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Answer: E* Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

8. Upper motor neuron lesion.

***) Pyramidal tract lesion can produce all the following except: Q2012

1. Spasticity

2. Fasciculation

3. Weakness

4. Hyperreflexia

5. Positive Babinski sign

Answer: B* Fasciculation

***) Upper motor neuron lesion can produce all the following except:

1. Increased deep tendon reflexes

2. Extensor plantar response

3. Muscle weakness

4. Fasciculation

5. Spasticity

Answer: D* Fasciculation

***) All of the following are signs of upper motor neuron lesion, except:

1. Increase in tone

2. Hyperreflexia

3. Fasciculation

4. An extensor plantar reflex

5. Pyramidal weakness

Answer: C* Fasciculation

***) Signs of upper motor neuron lesion include all of the following, except:

1. Hypertonia

2. Clonus

3. Pyramidal weakness

4. Hyperreflexia

5. Marked fasciculation

Answer: E* Marked fasciculation

9. Lower motor neuron lesion.

***) Signs of lower motor neuron lesion include all of the following, except:

1. Muscular weakness

2. Atonia

3. Fasciculation

4. Clonus

5. Atrophy

Answer: D* Clonus

***) The following are signs of lower motor neuron lesion, except:

1. Weakness

2. Wasting

3. Fasciculation

4. Hypertonia

5. Decreased reflexes

Answer: D* Hypertonia

***) All of the following are signs of a lower motor neuron lesion, except:

1. Hypotonia

2. Reflex loss

3. Muscle wasting

4. Extensor plantar reflex

5. Fibrillation

Answer: D* Extensor plantar reflex

***) All of the following are signs of a lower motor neuron lesion, except:

1. Fibrillation

2. Fasciculation

3. Spasticity

4. Muscle wasting

5. Hyporeflexia

Answer: C* Spasticity

10. Headaches.

***) All the followings regarding headache is true, except:

1. It may be caused by temporal arteritis

2. It may be secondary to benign intracranial hypertension

3. Tension headache is common

4. It occurs usually in the evening when it is due to brain tumor

5. It may be secondary to hypertension

Answer: D* It occurs usually in the evening when it is due to brain tumor

***) The following statements regarding cluster headache are true, except:

1. Affects approximately 0.1% of the population

2. More common in females

3. Similar to migraine, may have a familial predisposition

4. The attack is often associated with autonomic features

5. It has two forms, episodic and chronic

Answer: B* More common in females

11. Weak Legs & Cord Compression.

***) Foot drop is commonly caused by compression of which of the following:

1. Sciatic nerve

2. Posterior tibial nerve

3. Common peroneal nerve

4. Sural nerve

5. Obturator nerve

Answer: C* Common peroneal nerve

***) High steppage gait can be seen in all of the following, except:

1. Guillain-Barre syndrome

2. Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy

3. Lead poisoning

4. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

5. Folic acid deficiency

Answer: E* Folic acid deficiency