Страдательный залог

Passive voice

Формы страдательного залога английских глаголов образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II ( Participle II) смыслового глагола:

Present Simple: The letter is written.

Past Simple: The letter was written.

Future Simple: The letter will be written.

Present Continuous: The letter is being written.

Past Continuous: The letter was being written.

Future Continuous: The letter will be being written.

Present Perfect: The letter has been written.

Past Perfect: The letter had been written.

Future Perfect: The letter will have been written.

Глагол-сказуемое в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее предложения является объектом действия со стороны другого лица или предмета.

I bought a book. – Я купил книгу.

The book was bought by me. – Книга была куплена мной.

Задание 1. Переведите и определите залог и время сказуемого.

1. He left for Moscow. 2. She studied many subject. 3. The film was much spoken about.4. New subject will be studied next year. 5. The text has been already written by them. 6. He studies at our college. 7. the text is being translated at the moment. 8. Do you work at this office? 9. This book was written by our teacher. 10. These toys are made by children. 11. The conference will be held in May. 12. This work must be done at once.

Задание 2. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Эта книга была прочитана всеми. 2. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 3. Ее часто спрашивают? 4. На ваш вопрос ответят завтра. 5. Текст переводился вчера с двух до трех. 6. Работа только что закончена нами. 7. эти книги будут использоваться до конца года. 8. Телеграмма уже получена? 9. О новой книге будут много говорить. 10. В нашем городе сейчас строится много новых зданий. 11. Ключи были утеряны вчера. 12. Мальчика возьмут в кино.

Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного залога:

1. Those books (return) to the library yesterday. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. The patient (take) to the hospital today, and (operate) tomorrow morning. 5. This room (use) only on special occasions. 6. Litter must not (leave) here. 7. This newspaper (not read) because the pages (not cut). 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examinations. 9. Usually the floor (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday. 10. This book (leave) in the classroom yesterday. 11. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 12. This room (not use) for a long time. 13. The children (take) to the circus tomorrow.

Вариант1

Building professions

A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman.

Bricklayer is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickworks, chimney pots, fireplaces. He renders brickwork, including the insides of manholes.

Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames. He builds or dismantles wood or metal formwork. The two trades of carpenter and joiner were originally the same.

Plasterer is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work. The latter lays successive coats of plaster or rendering and fixes fibrous plaster such as mould cornices and wall pattern.

A construction manager, or CM, provides services similar to those of general contractor, but represents client’s interest during all phases of the building process – design as well as construction. They are usually paid a negotiated fee for the scope of services rendered.

For example, working with the architect during design, the CM provides updated cost projections so that a client will know probable cost, which the project evolves.

The CM decides who bids the job, picks up the request for invitation to bid, evaluates the bids, and awards work to the most reasonable bidder. The CM also presents contracts and sends them out to the subcontractors. The owner signs the contracts with each subcontractor. As a result, the subcontractors are under the CM’s direction.

The CM may also be responsible for the safety of workers on the construction site.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.

1. What man can be called a tradesman?

2. What building professions do you know?

3. What does a bricklayer do?

4. Who works with wood?

5. What can a plasterer do?

6. What must a construction manager provide?

7. Who is responsible for the safety of workers?

8. What for is CM working with architect?

3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты к следующим выражениям:

Считаться умелым; возводить деревянные конструкции; слой штукатурки; безопасность рабочих; предоставлять услуги; подписывать договоры.

4. Выпишите из текста существительные в форме множественного числа. Напишите эти существительные в единственном числе.

5. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям:

Skilled worker is called a tradesman.

The trades of carpenter and joiner are similar.

Plasterer lays coats of plaster.

The CM represents client’s interests.

The owner signs the contracts.

6. Определите в каких временных формах употреблен глагол to be в этом предложении. Укажите их название.

A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman.

7. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be

He… born in 1985. We… students now. It… an interesting book. These… my pencils. Where… this book? What… their names? Who…he? How…your friend? Tomorrow we… at home.