Theme 12. Legal aspects of innovation

1. The main directions of state support of entrepreneurship.

2. Tools to support entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan

3. Factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

Innovation policy of the state is a set of methods to influence the state for production to the release of new products and technologies, as well as expanding markets for domestic goods.

Currently innovation in Kazakhstan is experiencing hard times. This is due to the fact that prior to the reforms carried out large-scale innovation state. Therefore, the specificity of the current situation today is that there are significant technological reserve, a unique scientific and industrial base and highly skilled staff, but at the same time, due to the general economic decline, there is very poor orientation of the innovation potential for the implementation of scientific achievements .

Innovation policies developed as a concept by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is an important part of the state of social and economic policy. It defines the objectives of innovative strategies and mechanisms to support priority innovation projects.

Purpose and direction of innovation policy are determined, first of all, a characteristic feature of a particular industry, its production and economic potential and competitiveness of core products. All branches of the national economy, depending on the level of competitiveness of their products can be divided into three groups.

The first group of industries has great competitive potential and long runs on the world market. This is the fuel and energy complex, chemical and aluminum industries.

Branches of the second group are producing close to competitive in the world market. This defense industry, mechanical engineering, etc..

Third sector groups include agriculture, light and food industries, and others. Their products on the world market is not listed, so they focused mainly on the Russian domestic market.

Innovation policy in relation to these groups of industries differ in nature, scope, amount of resources, etc.

State innovation policy in the basic sectors aimed at accelerating the commercial development of domestic and foreign scientific, technical and technological achievements of world-class restoration of natural resources. Of particular importance are the environmental priorities of innovation in all the sectors.

For the implementation of innovation policy by the government developed specific techniques, which aim to ensure effective implementation of innovative programs.

The main methods of implementation of innovation policy are:

• formation of a legislative framework for positive changes in the sphere of innovation, ie the law should provide for the development of relevant legislation;

• State support and encourage investors, investing in high-tech, high-tech manufacturing, as well as organizations (during the development of innovation) by the introduction of certain tax benefits, government guarantees and loans;

• improvement of the tax system in order to create favorable conditions for the conduct of innovation;

• creation of conditions for the formation of joint ventures for the production of domestic products and their realization in the international market, providing domestic advertising innovation abroad, participation in international information system for the exchange of information on innovative projects;

• ensuring foreign credit lines quotas for development of innovation infrastructure, procurement of equipment for the implementation of innovative projects under state guarantees and licenses of technology and know-how for the development of production of the latest products;

• consolidation of the efforts of public authorities and private investors, aiming at the organization of interaction with the member states of the EU, CIS, other states;

• The development of high-tech unique equipment leasing;

• Participation of innovation-active organizations in international competitions; allocation of public investment for the implementation of innovative projects of national scope, but not attractive to private investors.

Weighty significance, along with large firms, consortia and associations are small organizations. In developed countries, they account for about half of all innovations. According to the National Science Foundation, the number of innovations in small firms per unit costs are generally higher than in medium and large firms. In addition, small firms are ahead by almost a third in the rate of development of major innovations.

Therefore, together with the strengthening of innovation in large organizations, there is a need to create the conditions to bring to the process of small businesses, including through the provision of small organizations from large firms. In addition, given the reduction in research and development organizations, the government considers it necessary to establish property fund innovations to provide small organizations engaged in innovative activities, released production facilities and equipment on favorable terms.

8.2. Innovation policy entity.

Innovation policy is an economic entity (the company) is a set of directions and methods of the economic impact of the mechanism on the production of new products and technologies.

The aim of innovation policy is to develop an innovative project itself, which is necessary to justify its economic feasibility.

Innovation policy of the enterprise is a complex process, which involves three main aspects:

1 The direction of innovation policy.

2 Strategic planning innovation.

3 Operational planning innovation.

8.3. Questions of patent protection innovative products.

Innovation performance are expressed in the form of innovative products, which may have a particular physical form, or be in the form of soft. The creators of innovations they acquire copyrights and related rights. There is such a thing as a legal intellectual property. Protection document on innovation is patent.

The author's invention, the scientific idea of development, a new product or a new technology is the intellectual property. Intellectual property can be: 1) scientific and technical products, ie discoveries, hypotheses, theories, concepts, models, inventions, developments, projects, new products, etc .; 2) production of computer - software, radio and television programs, etc .; 3) The culture products. The concept of intellectual property provided by the Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1967. The task of the World Intellectual Property Organization is to contribute to its protection.

Patent for an invention shall certify the copyright to the invention, the priority of the invention and the exclusive right to exploit the invention during the term of the patent. Nobody has the right to use the invention without permission (license) of the patentee.

For utility model relates constructive implementation of capital goods and consumer goods, as well as their components. Utility model certificate is valid for 5 years from the date of receipt of the application; it may be extended for not more than 3 years.

Industrial designs include art and design of an article that determines its appearance. Design patent is valid for 10 years from the date of receipt of the application.

List of literature

Basic:

1. Друкер П. Бизнес и инновации - М. 2007 – 432с.

2. Амабайль Т., Друкер П. и др. Инновации в бизнесе - М. 2007 – 190с.

3. Предпринимательство: Учебник для вузов / Под ред. В.Я. Горфинкеля, Г.Б. Поляка — М., 2010

4. Джулаева, А. Организация бизнеса: учеб. пособие- Алматы: Қазақуниверситеті, 2012.- 230 с.

5. Сабден, О.. Конкурентоспособная экономика и инновации.- Алматы, 2009

6. Мутанов, Г.М.. Образование. Наука. Инновации.- Усть-Каменогорск, 2010

7. Интеллектуальный прорыв: молодежь, наука и инновации.- Алматы, 2010

8. Кошанов, А.. Индустриально-инновационная стратегия и экономический рост.- Алматы, 2012

9. Зейнолла, С.Ж.. Стимулирование малого инновационного предпринимательства в Республике Казахстан.- Алматы, 2008

10. Cardis J., Kirschner S., Richelson S., Kirschner J., Richelson H. Venture Capital: The Definitive Guide for Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Practitioners. - USA: John Wiley &Sons, Inc, 2001.

Additional:

1. Государственная программа по форсированному индустриально-инновационному развитию

2. Гражданский Кодекс РК (общая и особенная части)

3. Закон РК «О частном предпринимательстве» от 31.01.2006.

4. Послание Президента Республики Казахстан Н.Назарбаева народу Казахстана. 14 декабря 2012 г. «Стратегия «Казахстан-2050» - новый политический курс состоявшегося государства»

5. Амирханова И.В. Гражданско-правовое обеспечение развития предпринимательства в Республике Казахстан- Алматы: Қазақуниверситеті, 2003.- 366 с.

6. Креативное мышление в бизнесе. (Классика HarvardBusinessReview) – М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2006 г. - 228 с.

7. Черняк В.З. История предпринимательства–Юнити-Дана, 2010

8. Смагулова Н.Т. Планирование и организация предпринимательства. Алматы, 2010