5.2. Form of small innovative enterprises.

Small innovative business processes associated with the formation of new businesses within the old companies, the establishment and operation of risky firms, development and implementation of hatchery programs.

New businesses within the old companies

New businesses within the old companies are progressive method of education for young companies. If in the 1970s and early 1980s, a new company in the West were mostly engineers and scientists, care of the firms that currently own corporate funders of new firms in order to prevent the departure of leading workers entice investors seeking talents venture capital. They also allow you to recruit in their corporation specialists from other firms.

Mode of action of the "parent" company is to take over all financial matters of young firms, which allows the parent company to take ownership of up to 80% of the new company (the rest - in the hands of the founders).

Venture capital firms - riskofirmy

Riskofirma is an organization established for the implementation of an innovative project involving a significant risk.

Create riskofirmy is as follows. A group of people that have an original idea, but do not have the means to implement it comes in contact with investors (venture capital funds).

According to economists, 15% of venture capital is completely lost; 25% riskofirm incur losses for a longer time than originally anticipated; 30% riskofirm provide a very modest profit, but in 30% of cases, the success allows for only a few years, repeatedly cut off all the profit on investment.

Incubator programs and networks of small firms

Many high-tech Russian organizations build their survival strategy based on hatchery programs and represent the company incubators.

Under the company incubator understand organization established by local authorities or large companies to grow new companies. Firm incubators are for rent in newly organized companies at low cost office space and providing them concessional range of services, including the opportunity to seek advice from experts on managerial, technical, economic, commercial and legal issues.

5.3. Intercompany scientific and technical cooperation in the innovation process.

With 70-80 years in the technically advanced countries began to actively propagate various forms of joint research works aimed primarily at providing major technological breakthroughs.

Alliances.

Scientific and technical alliance is called stable association of several firms of different sizes with each other and / or with universities, government laboratories on the basis of an agreement on co-financing R & D, product development or modernization.

The end of the 80s and 90s are characterized by the rapid growth of cooperation in the form of inter-firm agreements on R & D aimed at long-term innovation and global business objectives of the international diffusion of new technologies. Organizational form of this process were the scientific and technical alliances.

Consortium.

The Consortium is a voluntary association of organizations to solve a particular problem, the program, the implementation of a major project. The consortium involves the division of responsibility between the parent companies, partners of equal rights and centralized management. It may include companies and organizations of different ownership forms, shapes and sizes. Consortium members retain their full economic independence and are subject to jointly selected the executive body in that part of the work which relates to the goals of the consortium. After the task consortium disbanded.

Joint venture (JV)

International joint venture can be defined as an institution of inter-firm cooperation in the development, production or marketing of a product which crosses national borders, is not based on short-term market transactions and includes contributions from partners in the form of capital, technology, or other assets. In many cases, the responsibility in the management of shared between partner firms.