3. Discuss the composition and write your own one. Student’s composition: “My future profession”

Choosing future profession is one of the most important decisions in a person’s life. Inner world of a person, his individuality and uniqueness largely effect on the choice of profession. Confucius said: «Choose a work you love and you’ll never have to work a day in your life”. The right choice is especially important today, because life has become very active and dynamic and we have to be adapted to the labour market. And it’s seems to me that it is foolish to spend your time on things that you aren’t interested in. As for me, my choice has stopped on a specialty “Unique buildings construction” and here are several reasons.

First, I’ve read a lot and concluded that this profession is in demand and the most relevant today. Kazan is being built very fast. Just only ten years ago it was unsightly city with old wooden houses. And today we see a beautiful city with lots of stadiums, malls, restored historical buildings and modern residential complexes.

Secondly, I’ve always been interested in technical subjects and it’s just for me to create something new. Despite the fact that working as an engineer is not so easy, I hope I’ll cope with all difficulties and with learning and self-improving every day I will succeed in my specialty to become a real professional.

Thirdly, I have chosen Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering because it is one of the best technical universities in our country.

In conclusion I would like to comment one proverb: “Every man is the maker of his own fortune”. In my opinion every man is the maker of his own fortune because if you want a thing to be well done, do it yourself. Heaven helps those who help themselves. So we should remember that everything is in our hands.

	PART II
	Unit I
	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Before you start

1. What do you know about Great Britain?

2. Would you like to visit Great Britain? Why?

I. Read and remember these words and word combinations:

1. island	остров
2. to wash	омывать
3. to separate	отделять
4. English Channel	Ла-Манш (Английский канал)
5. the Strait of Dover	Дуврскийпролив (Па-де-Кале)
6. mountainous	гористый
7. highland	высокогорная местность, нагорье
8. lowland	низменность, низина, долина
9. moderating	умеренный
10. the Gulf Stream	Гольфстрим
11. insular	островной
12. humid	сырой, влажный
13. mild	умеренный, мягкий
14. discrepancy	несоответствие, расхождение, различие
15. Scotland	Шотландия
16. Wales	Уэльс
17. county	графство
18. to occupy	занимать
19. to amount	достигать, доходить до, равняться
20. peninsula	полуостров
21. the Welsh	валлийцы
22. to act on the advice of	действовать по совету кого-либо
23. legislation	законодательство
24. Magna Charta	Великая хартия вольностей
25. Habeas Corpus Act	Хабеас Корпус (английский закон 1679г. о неприкосновенности личности)
26. Bill of Rights	билль о правах
27. Judicature Act	Закон о судоустройстве
28. the House of Lords	палата лордов
29. the House of Commons	палата общин
30. a peer	пэр, лорд
31. to elect	избирать
32. Labour Party	Лейбористская партия
33. Tory	партия Тори

Read and translate the text to learn more about Great Britain.

Great Britain (the official name – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two islands, the larger of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. In addition to these two islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands. The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 sq. km., its population is over 62 mln. people.

In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east – by the North Sea. The island of Great Britain is separated from the European continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. Northern Ireland, which is a part of Great Britain and which is situated on the island of Ireland, is separated from Great Britain by the North Channel.

Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two parts – mountainous or Highland Britain (in the north and west of the island) and Lowland Britain (in the south and east). There are no very long rivers in Great Britain. The most important rivers are the Thames (the deepest) and the Severn (the longest). The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the moderating influence of the sea and the Gulf Stream, Great Britain has an insular climate, rather humid and mild, without striking discrepancy between seasons.

Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties.

Wales is a peninsula in the south-west of the island of Great Britain. It occupies about 9% of its territory with the population of 4.8% of the total population. Scotland is the most northern part of Great Britain with a territory of 32% of the total territory and with a population of 9% of the total population of Great Britain. Northern Ireland occupies the north-east part of the island of Ireland. Its territory amounts to 5.2% of the total territory of Great Britain. The main cities of Northern Ireland are Belfast and Londonderry.

The Welsh have their own language. However, many Welsh people do not know Welsh, and English is spoken by everyone in Wales. Scotland and Ireland also have their own languages but these are rarely spoken and English is known by everyone there.

From the political point of view Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is not absolute. She acts only on the advice of ministers and the Parliament. There is no written constitution in Great Britain. The main principles of British legislation are expressed in other documents, like “Magna Charta”, “Habeas Corpus Act”, “Bill of Rights”, the Parliamentary Act which decided the position of the House of Lords, and the Judicature Act. British legislation does not provide written guarantees of individual political writes.

The Parliament in Great Britain has existed since 1265 and is the oldest Parliament in the world. It consists of two Houses – the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1000 peers who are not elected by the people. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body which is elected by people at a general election within 5 years of the last election. After the general election the Queen appoints the head of the government – the Prime Minister. As a rule, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the election. The Prime Minister appoints ministers to make up the government.

There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour party.

Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main fields of British industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy and electronics.