4.1.1. Every и его производные (Every and its derivatives)

Местоимение every ‘каждый, всякий’ соотносится с неограниченным кругом лиц или предметов. Может употребляться только в функции определения к исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе.

e.g. Every morning we went to the sea.

Every student gets a student’s card.

Местоимения everyone/ everybody ‘все, каждый’, everything ‘всё’ и наречие everywhere ‘повсюду, везде’ употребляются в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях и согласуются с глаголом в третьем лице, единственном числе.

e.g. Is everything ready?

Everybody gets a grant.

Exercise 6. Дополните предложения подходящим глаголом из списка в Present Simple. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

be, know, live, smell, feel

1. It’s a beautiful day. Everybody is in the garden.

2. Everybody I know ____________ near my house.

3. Everyone ____________ the answer to that question. It’s easy.

4. Everything ____________ ready for the party this evening.

5. Everyone ____________ happy when summer comes.

6. Everything ____________ delicious!

Exercise 7. Дополните предложения подходящим производным от some, any, every. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

1. A: What’s the matter, John?

B: There’s something in my shoe, Mum. My foot hurts.

2. A: Did _____________ see you go into the house?

B: I don’t think so. The street was empty.

3. A: Look at this mess!

B: Oh! There are toys _______________ .

4. A: Are you going ________________ this weekend?

B: No, I’m staying at home.

5. A: Are you hungry?

B: Yes, I want _____________ to eat.

6. A: Who gave you this book?

B: ____________ at work.

7. A: Is there __________ good on television tonight?

B: Not really.

4.1.2. A lot of / lots of – much – many

A Lot/ lots of (много) употребляется как с неисчисляемыми, так и с исчисляемыми существительными в утвердительных предложениях

e.g. There’s a lot of bread on the table. – На столе много хлеба.

She has got lots of friends. – У неё много друзей.

But ‘Have you got many photos?’ ‘Yes, I’ve got a lot.’ – ‘У тебя много фотографий?’ ‘Да, много.’

Much (много) употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях

e.g. How much money have you got?– Сколько у тебя денег?

There isn’t much milk left. – Молока осталось немного.

Many (много) употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях:

e.g. How many people were at the party? – Сколько человек было на вечеринке?

I didn’t take many photos on holiday. – Я сделал не много фотографий в отпуске.

Exercise 8. Дополните предложения вопросительными словами How much или How many, а затем ответьте на них о себе. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

1. ‘How many apples do you eat every day?’ ‘About three.’

2. _________ milk do you drink every day?

3. _________ books do you buy every month?

4. _________ pocket money do you get every week?

5. _________ people did you meet on your last holiday?

6. _________ films do you watch every month?

7. _________ sugar do you take in your tea?

Exercise 9. Дополните предложения словами much / many /a lot of.

A

1. How ____ relatives have you got? – Oh, I have ____ relatives.

2. How ____ is it? – It doesn’t cost you ____ money. It’s nearly free of charge.

3. She doesn’t have ____ mistakes in her test. Just two or three.

4. There were ____ people at the party yesterday, but I didn’t see____ of my classmates.

5. There was ____ soap in the box. Have we got ____ now?

6. How ____ sugar should I put? – Three teaspoons. I like ____sugar in my coffee.

7. She gave children ____ bread and butter, because they didn’t want ____ salad.

8. How ____ old houses are there in your street? – I live in the centre of town, so there are ____ old houses.

B

1. A: I’ve got _______ spare time today.

B: Great! Let’s go shopping together.

2. A: Are there ________ cinemas in this town?

B: No, there is only one.

3. A: There isn’t ________ snow on the ground.

B: No, the sun has melted it.

4. A: There are ________ flowers in the garden.

B: Yes, they are beautiful, aren’t they?

5. A: How ________ times did you have shower yesterday?

B: Three! It was a very hot day.

6. A: I’ve got ________ things to do today.

B: I’m busy today, too.

7. A: There isn’t ________ water in that vase. The flowers will die.

B: I’ll put some more in.

8. A: Helen is always alone.

B: No, she isn’t. She’s got ________ friends.

9. A: Are there ________ fish in this river?

B: No, not any more.

10. A: Can you lend me some money?

B: No, sorry – I haven’t got ________ money with me.

Exercise 10. Дополните ответы словами a lot/ much/ many. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

1. ‘Have you got any money?’ ‘Yes, a lot .’

2. ‘Is there any milk in the fridge?’ ‘Yes, but not ______’

3. ‘Have you got any vegetables?’ ‘Yes, but not ______’

4. ‘How many letters have you typed?’ ‘Not ______’

5. ‘Are there any eggs in the basket?’ ‘Yes, _____’

6. ‘How much salt did you put in the soup?’ ‘Not _____’

7. ‘Did you get many presents for your birthday?’ ‘Yes, _____’

8. ‘How much did your dress cost?’ ‘Not _____’

9. ‘Are there many children in your class?’ ‘Yes, _____’

10. ‘How much homework do you have each day?’ ‘Not _____’

Too many / Too much

Too many ‘слишком много’ употребляется с исчисляемыми именами существительными во множественном числе и имеет отрицательный оттенок.

Сравните: There are too many cars on the road. We won’t get to the reception on time. – На дороге слишком много машин. Мы не доберемся на приём вовремя.

There are so many cars on the road that we won’t get to the reception on time. – На дороге так много машин, что мы не доберемся на приём вовремя.

Too much ‘слишком много’ употребляется с неисчисляемыми именами существительными и имеет отрицательный оттенок.

Сравните: She spent too much money last month. She can’t pay her bills now. – Она потратила слишком много денег в прошлом месяце. Она не сможет оплатить счета.

She spent so much money last month that she can’t pay her bills now. – Она потратила так много денег в прошлом месяце, что не сможет оплатить счета.

Exercise 11. Дополните предложения с помощью too much/ too many. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

1. A: If you eat too much chocolate, you’ll get fat.

B: Then I’ll only eat a little bit!

2. A: You bought _______ oranges at the market yesterday.

B: Never mind, we can use some for juice.

3. A: Don’t spend ______ money tonight.

B: I won’t. I want to save some for another day.

4. A: There are _______ flowers in that vase.

B: I know, but I couldn’t find another one.

5. A: All the students failed the exam.

B: I know. ______ of the questions were difficult.

6. A: How did you spoil the soup?

B: I put _______ salt in it.

7. A: I don’t like this coffee.

B: Why not?

A: There’s ________ sugar in it.

4.1.3. A few / few and a little / little

A few/ few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе.

A few обозначает ‘несколько, но достаточно.’

e.g.  There are a few oranges left. We can make some orange juice. – Осталось несколькоапельсинов. Мы можем сделать сок.

Few обозначает ‘мало, почти нет’ и для усиления может употребляться с наречием very.

e.g.  There are (very) few biscuits in the box. It’salmostempty. – В коробке осталось (очень) мало печенья. Она почти пуста.

A little/ little употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными.

A little обозначает ‘немного, но достаточно’.

e.g.  She’s got a little time. Shecangoshopping. – У неё есть немного времени. Она может пройтись по магазинам.

Little обозначает ‘мало, почти нет’ и для усиления может употребляться с наречием very.

e.g.  We’ve got (very) little coffee. There’s not enough for all of us. – У нас (очень) мало кофе. Нам всем не хватит.

Exercise 12. Вставьте few/ a few/ little/ a little.

Complete the sentences with few/ a few/ little/ a little.

1. We must be quick. We have ____ time.

2. We must go shopping. There’s very _____ food in the fridge.

3. Do you mind if I ask you ____ questions?

4. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so ____ tourists come here.

5. It’s cold. That’s why there are very ____ children in the park today.

6. 'Would you like ____ milk in your coffee?' 'Yes, please'

7. This is a very boring place to live. There's ____ to do.

8. 'Have you ever been to Paris?' 'Yes, I've been there ____ times.'

9. Listen carefully. I'm going to give you ____ advice.

10. I don't think Jill would be a good teacher. She's got ____ patience.

11. I’m sorry. I’ll be _____ late. We’re having _____ problems at work.

12. Do you need _____ more days to think about my proposal.

Exercise 13. Вставьте much/ many/ few/ little.

1. He isn't very popular. He has ____. friends.

2. Ann is very busy these days. She has ____ free time.

3. Did you take ____ photographs when you were on holiday?

4. I'm not very busy today. I haven't got ____ things to do.

5. The museum was very crowded. There were too ____ people.

6. Most of the town is modern. There are ____ old buildings.

7. The weather has been very dry recently. We've had … rain.

8. I don’t drink _____ milk.

9. There is _____ luggage in the airport.

Exercise 14. Вставьте some/ any/much/ many/ a lot of/ (a) few/ (a) little.

1. Please don’t put ____ pepper on the meat. I don’t like spicy food.

2. There were ____ plates on the table. We needed to put ____ more.

3. ‘Did she write you ____ letters from the country?’ – ‘Yes, she wrote____.’

4. He got a satisfactory mark. Only ____ of his answers were correct.

5. I have ____ time, so I can’t go with you.

6. He didn’t have ____ English books at home so he had to go to the library for more books.

7. I don’t have ____ bags. Just ____ , perhaps one or two.

8. ‘Do we have ____ chalk?’ – ‘Yes, we have ____ chalk here.’

9. Oh, we don’t need _____ minced beef for this pie, just _____.

10. I hate onion so don’t cut _____ of it. But I like _____ pepper in any meat dish.

11. ‘There are ____cafés in the centre of the town.’ – ‘How _____?’

12. ‘Have you got _____ apples?’ – ‘No, just _____.’

Exercise 15. Выберите правильное слово.

А

1. A: When will you be back?

B: Soon. I’m only going away for a few / a little days.

2. A: How do you like your coffee?

B: I think you’ve put too many / too much milk in it.

3. A: When can I come and visit you?

B: Come on every / any Tuesday. I’m free on that day.

4. A: What would you like to eat?

B: Can I have some / any of that cake, please? It looks delicious.

5. A: Who’s coming to the party?

B: I’ve invited everyone / anyone from the office.

6. A: Do you know many / much foreign people?

B: No. Actually, I know very few / a few.

7. A: I’ve lost my keys. I can’t find them anywhere / nowhere.

B: Don’t worry. I’m sure they’re everywhere / somewhere.

8. A: I asked everyone / someone, but nobody / anybody wants to help me with my project.

B: Okay, I’ll give you no / some help.

9. A: Did you buy the biscuits I wanted?

B: No, they didn’t have any / no in the supermarket.

B

1. There aren't no / any buses today because of a strike.

2. There's not much / many traffic today. It's usually busier.

3. People shouldn't drink some / any alcohol at all if they're going to drive.

4. I've been sailing a few / little times.

5. I know taxi drivers have a bad reputation, but very few / little are actually dishonest.

6. The government has made very little /few progress in reducing pollution from transport.

7. Too much / many goods are transported by lorry.

8. There's so much / many bad news on TV that I've stopped watching it.

9. There are some / any cycle lanes where I live, but not much / many.

10. To get to the city centre, you can take many / any bus from the stop near my house. They all got here.

Exercise 16. Впишите в пропуски только одно слово.

1. If ____ has ____ questions, I‘ll be pleased to answer them.

2. She’s lucky. She has ____ problems.

3. There aren't ______ things to do there.

4. There was so _____ noise in the room that I couldn't hear what anyone was saying.

5. He can't give _____ information yet – only the date of the course. He needs to speak to a _____ people first.

6. There's a ______ of anger about the train strike.

7. Things are not going so well for her. She has ____ problems.

8. I fainted because I'd eaten so_____ food.

9. Is ____ here to see me?

10. If ___ wants to leave early, they can.

11. It doesn't cost _____ money to take a taxi here.

12. Can I have ____ sugar, please?

13. Has ____ seen my bag?

14. Can you see ____ in my eye?

15. I’m sorry for ____ trouble I’ve caused.

Exercise 17. Исправьте ошибки.

1. Could you lend me any money, please?

2. How many time have we got left?

3. There aren’t too much chocolates in the box.

4. I don’t know nothing about chemistry.

5. He’s looking for anything in the cupboard.

6. I want to go nowhere nice and quiet for my holidays.

7. I don’t need some help with my homework.

8. You can something you want. Just ask for it.

9. Did you catch some fish in the river?

10. Everybody know that the Earth is round.

Exercise 18. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. ‘В классе есть кто-нибудь?’ ‘Да, там есть несколько студентов.’

2. В саду никого нет. Все в доме.

3. ‘В столе есть что-нибудь?’ ‘Нет, в нём ничего нет. Он пуст.’

4. В их библиотеке есть несколько книг на английском языке.

5. В вашей библиотеке есть какие-нибудь книги Джека Лондона?

6. Мне нужно Вам кое-что сказать, но я не хочу, чтобы нас кто-либо слышал.

7. На следующий день мой брат знал всех, и не было никого, кто не знал бы его.

8. Мне так скучно! Я хочу поехать куда-нибудь, где интересно и есть кто-нибудь интересный, с кем можно поговорить.

9. Он надеется, что ему поможет кто-нибудь из его друзей. Но у него слишком мало друзей. Я думаю, что ему никто не поможет, кроме меня.

10. ‘У нас есть хоть какие-нибудь продукты в холодильнике?’ ‘Есть, но очень мало. Но есть немного овощей, чтобы приготовить суп.’

11. Мы растратили слишком много денег в отпуске в прошлом году. Мы не надеемся поехать хоть куда-нибудь в этом году.

12. Вы можете сесть на любой автобус – все они идут в центр города.