Vocabulary

3. Find English equivalents of the following phrases in the text.

1) передаваемая информация

2) голосовая запись

3) изменение информации

4) разглашение

5) составлять документ

6) обращаться осторожно

7) средство хранения

8) секретная информация

9) получатель

10) нарушающее цель использования

4. Match the words 1-7 with the definitions a-g.

1) database a) to name or determine

2) medium b) management by overseeing the

performance or operation of a person or group

3) to identify c) to send from one person, thing, or

place to another

4) to transmit d) an object or device, such as a disk,

on which data is stored

5) to verify e) qualified for by right according to law

6) entitled f) information that is normally structured

and indexed for user’s access and review

7) supervision g) to prove to be true; confirm

5. Find the words in the text which have the similar meaning to the words below.

1) a piece or segment

2) transmission

3) limitation

4) accountable for

5) regardless

6) to keep from happening

7) to confirm or check

8) to look through

9) open to or liable for

10) to reveal

6. Read the text below and choose the best option for each gap.

Internet Security

The Internet, and all its accompanying complications, has become (1) …………… to our lives. The security problems (2) …………….. the Internet are legendary and have been daily annoyances to many users. Given the Net’s broad impact on our lives and the widespread security issues associated with it, it is worthwhile (3) ………………… what can be done to improve the immunity of our communications from attack.

The Internet can serve as a laboratory for studying network security issues; indeed, we can use it to study nearly every kind of security issues.

The Internet was designed to create standardized communication between computers. Computers communicate (4) ………. exchanging messages. The Internet supports message exchange through a mechanism called protocols. Protocols are very detailed and stereotyped rules explaining exactly how to (5) …………….. a particular set of messages. Each protocol is defined as a set of finite state mechanisms and a set of message formats. Each protocol specification defines one automaton for sending a message and another for (6) …………….. a message.

Security has little utility as an abstract, disembodied concept. What the word security should mean depends very much (7) ……… the context in which it is applied. The architecture, design, and implementation of a system each determine the kind of vulnerabilities and opportunities for exploits that exist and which features are easy or hard to attack or defend. Computing systems consist of a large number of blocks or modules assembled together, each of which (8) …………….. an intended set of functions. The system architecture hooks the modules together through interfaces, through which the various modules exchange information to activate the functions provided by (9) …………. module in a coordinated way.

An attacker exploits the architecture to compromise the computing system by interjecting inputs into these interfaces that do not conform to the specification for inputs of a specific module. If the targeted module (10) …………………….. carefully …………, unexpected inputs can cause it to behave in unintended ways. This implies that the security of a system is determined by its decomposition into modules, which an adversary exploits by injecting messages into the interfaces the architecture exposes. Accordingly, no satisfying discussion of any system is feasible without an understanding of the system architecture.

1. a) unimportant b) integral c) peripheral

2. a) besetting b) bugging c) attacking

3. a) understanding b) to understand c) understand

4. a) via b) during c) by

5. a) discuss b) distribute c) exchange

6. a) receiving b) retrieving c) repeating

7. a) of b) on c) from

8. a) provide b) provides c) is providing

9. a) each b) any c) some

10. a) has been crafted b) has crafted c) has not been crafted

7. Look at the following examples from the text:

We can use it to study nearly every kind of security issues

The Internet was designed to create standardized communication between computers.

An attacker exploits the architecture to compromise the computing system.

Rewrite the following sentences using the Infinitive of Purpose:

a) He joined the club because he wanted to make new friends.

b) They bought some meat because they wanted it for dinner.

c) She went on holiday for a rest.

d) I stopped at the garage because I needed some petrol.

e) He went to the shop because he was out of bread.

8. Surf the Internet to find out more information about security measures in the network.