Information technology in the professional sphere. Industrial ict.

• Software for solving specialized professional sphere.

• Modern IT trends in the professional field: medicine, energy, etc.

• Using the search engines and electronic resources for professional purposes. Security issues in the industrial information and communication technologies.

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Search Engines What is a search engine?

• A search engine, such as Google or Yahoo!, uses computer algorithms to search the Internet and identify items that match the characters and keywords entered by a user. 

Why use a search engine?

• Search engines are useful for finding information produced by governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. Examples of reliable information you can find through a search engine include freely available statistics published by a government agency or a freely available article published by a reputable news outlet. 

• Note: It is more challenging to narrow results effectively, find relevant material, and assess the legitimacy of information in your search results when using a search engine.

How do I know when I should use a search engine and when I should use a database?

• It depends on what type of information you are hoping to find and how you plan to use it. If you want credible, scholarly articles, you will have more success finding relevant sources in a library database free of charge. If you want Census data, it is more efficient to find that through a search engine that guides you to the appropriate government website. 

Technology changes are all around us, and coming faster than ever. But no longer are we waiting and wondering how the latest digital technology innovations will change things; rather, we’re taking control and shaping technology to fit our needs, large and small.

Digital disruption has a new direction. We’re using technology to disrupt ourselves.

Health information technology (HIT) is the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making. HIT, technology represents computers and communications attributes that can be networked to build systems for moving health information. Let's have a brief glimpse at the background of the information technology in medicine.

Worldwide use of computer technology in medicine began in the early 1950s with the rise of the computers. In 1949, Gustav Wagner established the first professional organization for health informatics in Germany. Health informatics also called Health Information Systems is a discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care. It concerns with the resources, devices, and methods required for optimizing the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine.

Health informatics tools include computers, clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication sytems. It is applied to the areas of nursing, clinical care, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, occupational therapy, and (bio)medical research.

Security issues in the industrial information and communication technologies.

GTRI’s highly regarded scientists and engineers use their technical expertise to help customers find practical and effective solutions to the toughest IT problems. We conduct a broad range of research in:

• Computerscience

• Informationtechnology

• Communications

• Networking

• Modelingandsimulation

Many of our customers are not in the information and communications technologies industry, but rely on these technologies to run successful enterprises. Ourtechnicalexpertisehelpscustomers:

• Increaseproductivity

• Improveperformance

• Improvereliability

• Speeddelivery

• Lowercosts

• Reducerisks

To learn more about GTRI’s information and communications technologies solutions, select a category below or browse our information and communications technologies case studies.

Internet Protocol Television / Digital Media

GTRI’s digital media research includes development of a national test bed forInternet protocol television,a fully interactive digital television service offered to subscribers via an Internet-based broadband connection.

Communications and Networking

Our communications and networking research programs offer solutions to complex IT problems involving information processing, storage, representation and exchange. We serve the IT community—and just about every other industry—through leading-edge developments in computer networking, software and hardware.

Emergency Management

GTRI experts provide emergency preparedness evaluation and policy assistance, and implement new technologies to help organizations prepare for crisis situations. We help meet the complex challenges facing the law enforcement community and its personnel through innovative applied research and a broad range of multidisciplinary technologies.

Visualization

We develop high-tech mapping and visualization tools that help organizations monitor and track activities. Our researchers are experts in geographical information systems (GIS) and collaborative visualization technologies for use in environmental, endangered species, transportation, law enforcement, emergency management and medical applications.

Software Engineering

GTRI delivers software engineering solutions. We have extensive experience with software engineering methodologies, tools and environments, distributed computing systems and mechanisms for computer security.

Information Sharing

We design and implement information sharing solutions. Our experts integrate processes for creating, capturing, organizing, accessing and using the information and knowledge resources of an enterprise. GTRI provides information sharing solutions for law enforcement, emergency management, homeland security and health industries.

Information Security

GTRI solves critical information security issues for customers. Our expertise in firewalls; electronic commerce and data encryption; public and private key encryption; automatic security testing; intrusion detection; and hardware- and software-based authentication allow us to develop revolutionary security solutions.

Modeling and Simulation

We conduct interdisciplinary research in information systems modeling and simulation. Modeling and simulation application areas include energy, environment, transportation, product and system design, medicine and homeland security. GTRI experts are leaders in the development of interoperation and communication standards that allow implementation of large-scale system modeling.

Another advantage in using the Web for academic research is the ability to gain access to the most current information. Since studies can take months (or years) to get published, data can be outdated by the time it reaches the shelves of our libraries. Direct access to current information increases the effectiveness of scientists in their search for information in their areas of interest. This is where the third advantage of using the Web comes in: the Word Wide Web has made it possible for individuals to contact researchers quite easily by using e-mail or campus Web sites. This ease of communication is a tremendous advantage for those of us who are beginning researchers since we are often able to get valuable advice/guidance from the original source of information on the Web. Although we have been and are still somewhat restricted by only having faculty members as our direct source of guidance in our research, this may be slowly changing as we gain the ability to contact many researchers via the Internet.

The rapid proliferation of information in ourera has important implications for the educationof health professionals including medical professionals. Sources of information available viathe Internet are increasing exponentially. Thiscomes with a steady increase in Internet use foreducation and for research. India has a large educational system comprising thousands of Colleges and hundreds of Universities alongwithseveral institutes of higher learning and centresof excellence. The college and university libraries, being the nerve centres of the higher education and learning, play a vital role in support of all the activities such as teaching, research and publication. Our higher education system is passing through lot of problems due to economic recession and cost-recovery concepts. The college and university libraries in India are faced with the challenges to meet the user requirements due to various reasons such as exponential growth of knowledge, price escalation, budget restrictions. The increasing growth in the enrollment of students and researchers, lack of proper and adequate infrastructure further aggravates the overall problems and challenges for the college and university libraries. This situation has paved the way for serious thinking on the capabilities to compensate for reduced budgets. E-subscription is one of the emerging toolkit for libraries to survive in the present circumstances. The internet is the most economical, easy, instant and vast resource of current information.

The internet is an ideal tool for medical literature search, physician education, patient education and telemedicine. Organizations, journals, educational resources, academic departments, patient-oriented, corporate and index sites individual and group practices are some of the categories of websites. Internet based communica-

tions are evolving at a tremendous rate. It is very difficult to determine the size and distribution of medical professionals who have access to internet.

The Device Mesh

The device mesh refers to an expanding set of endpoints people use to access applications and information or interact with people, social communities, governments and businesses. The device mesh includes mobile devices, wearable, consumer and home electronic devices, automotive devices and environmental devices — such as sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT).

While devices are increasingly connected to back-end systems through various networks, they have often operated in isolation from one another. As the device mesh evolves, we expect connection models to expand and greater cooperative interaction between devices to emerge.

Ambient User Experience

The device mesh creates the foundation for a new continuous and ambient user experience. Immersive environments delivering augmented and virtual reality hold significant potential but are only one aspect of the experience. The ambient user experience preserves continuity across boundaries of device mesh, time and space. The experience seamlessly flows across a shifting set of devices and interaction channels blending physical, virtual and electronic environment as the user moves from one place to another.

3D Printing Materials

Advances in 3D printing have already enabled 3D printing to use a wide range of materials, including advanced nickel alloys, carbon fiber, glass, conductive ink, electronics, pharmaceuticals and biological materials. These innovations are driving user demand, as the practical applications for 3D printers expand to more sectors, including aerospace, medical, automotive, energy and the military. The growing range of 3D-printable materials will drive a compound annual growth rate of 64.1 percent for enterprise 3D-printer shipments through 2019. These advances will necessitate a rethinking of assembly line and supply chain processes to exploit 3D printing.

"3D printing will see a steady expansion over the next 20 years of the materials that can be printed, improvement in the speed with which items can be printed and emergence of new models to print and assemble composite parts," said Mr. Cearley.

Information of Everything

Everything in the digital mesh produces, uses and transmits information. This information goes beyond textual, audio and video information to include sensory and contextual information. Information of everything addresses this influx with strategies and technologies to link data from all these different data sources. Information has always existed everywhere but has often been isolated, incomplete, unavailable or unintelligible. Advances in semantic tools such as graph databases as well as other emerging data classification and information analysis techniques will bring meaning to the often chaotic deluge of information.

Advanced Machine Learning

In advanced machine learning, deep neural nets (DNNs) move beyond classic computing and information management to create systems that can autonomously learn to perceive the world, on their own. The explosion of data sources and complexity of information makes manual classification and analysis infeasible and uneconomic. DNNs automate these tasks and make it possible to address key challenges related to the information of everything trend.

DNNs (an advanced form of machine learning particularly applicable to large, complex datasets) is what makes smart machines appear "intelligent." DNNs enable hardware- or software-based machines to learn for themselves all the features in their environment, from the finest details to broad sweeping abstract classes of content. This area is evolving quickly, and organizations must assess how they can apply these technologies to gain competitive advantage.

Autonomous Agents and Things

Machine learning gives rise to a spectrum of smart machine implementations — including robots, autonomous vehicles, virtual personal assistants (VPAs) and smart advisors — that act in an autonomous (or at least semiautonomous) manner. While advances in physical smart machines such as robots get a great deal of attention, the software-based smart machines have a more near-term and broader impact. VPAs such as Google Now, Microsoft's Cortana and Apple's Siri are becoming smarter and are precursors to autonomous agents. The emerging notion of assistance feeds into the ambient user experience in which an autonomous agent becomes the main user interface. Instead of interacting with menus, forms and buttons on a smartphone, the user speaks to an app, which is really an intelligent agent.

"Over the next five years we will evolve to a postapp world with intelligent agents delivering dynamic and contextual actions and interfaces," said Mr. Cearley. "IT leaders should explore how they can use autonomous things and agents to augment human activity and free people for work that only people can do. However, they must recognize that smart agents and things are a long-term phenomenon that will continually evolve and expand their uses for the next 20 years."

Adaptive Security Architecture

The complexities of digital business and the algorithmic economy combined with an emerging "hacker industry" significantly increase the threat surface for an organization. Relying on perimeter defense and rule-based security is inadequate, especially as organizations exploit more cloud-based services and open APIs for customers and partners to integrate with their systems. IT leaders must focus on detecting and responding to threats, as well as more traditional blocking and other measures to prevent attacks. Application self-protection, as well as user and entity behavior analytics, will help fulfill the adaptive security architecture.

Advanced System Architecture

The digital mesh and smart machines require intense computing architecture demands to make them viable for organizations. Providing this required boost are high-powered and ultraefficientneuromorphic architectures. Fueled by field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as an underlining technology for neuromorphic architectures, there are significant gains to this architecture, such as being able to run at speeds of greater than a teraflop with high-energy efficiency.

"Systems built on GPUs and FPGAs will function more like human brains that are particularly suited to be applied to deep learning and other pattern-matching algorithms that smart machines use," said Mr. Cearley. "FPGA-based architecture will allow further distribution of algorithms into smaller form factors, with considerably less electrical power in the device mesh, thus allowing advanced machine learning capabilities to be proliferated into the tiniest IoT endpoints, such as homes, cars, wristwatches and even human beings."

Mesh App and Service Architecture

Monolithic, linear application designs (e.g., the three-tier architecture) are giving way to a more loosely coupled integrative approach: the apps and services architecture. Enabled by software-defined application services, this new approach enables Web-scale performance, flexibility and agility. Microservice architecture is an emerging pattern for building distributed applications that support agile delivery and scalable deployment, both on-premises and in the cloud. Containers are emerging as a critical technology for enabling agile development and microservice architectures. Bringing mobile and IoT elements into the app and service architecture creates a comprehensive model to address back-end cloud scalability and front-end device mesh experiences. Application teams must create new modern architectures to deliver agile, flexible and dynamic cloud-based applications with agile, flexible and dynamic user experiences that span the digital mesh.

Internet of Things Platforms

IoT platforms complement the mesh app and service architecture. The management, security, integration and other technologies and standards of the IoT platform are the base set of capabilities for building, managing and securing elements in the IoT. IoT platforms constitute the work IT does behind the scenes from an architectural and a technology standpoint to make the IoT a reality. The IoT is an integral part of the digital mesh and ambient user experience and the emerging and dynamic world of IoT platforms is what makes them possible.

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