7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.

Пояснения к тексту:

wind energy ветроэнергетика 

the Kola Bay Кольский залив 

TWh тераватт-час

Wind energy and tidal energy

1) Russia has a long history of small-scale wind energy use but has never developed large-scale commercial wind energy production. Most of its current wind production is located in agricultural areas with low population densities where connection to the main energy grid is difficult.

2) In 2006, Russia had a total installed wind capacity of 15 MW. Current Russian wind energy projects have a combined capacity of over 1,700 MW. The Russian Wind Energy Association predicts that if Russia achieves its goal of having 4,5% of its energy come from renewable sources by 2020, the country will have a total wind capacity of 7 GW.

3) In 2010, plans for the construction of a wind power plant in Yeisk, on the Sea of Azov, were announced. It is expected to initially have a capacity of 50 MW, which will become 100 MW a year later. German engineering company Siemens announced in July 2010, following a visit to Russia by Chancellor Angela Merkel, that it would build wind power plants in Russia. By 2015, the company hopes to install 1,250 MW of capacity in Russia.

4) Russia has many tidal energy resources at its disposal, although they are currently underdeveloped as well. The Kola Bay and Sea of Okhotsk alone could produce 100 GW with tidal power stations, and the national energy potential from tidal energy can compete with current total energy production. The currently active Kislaya Guba Tidal Power Station is the largest tidal power facility in Russia and has the fourth largest capacity (1,7 MW) among the world's tidal power plants.

5) Plans for constructing an 800 MW tidal power plant in the Barents Sea were announced in 2008. The Penzhin Tidal Power Plant Project is a set of proposals for construction of tidal power plant in the Penzhin Bay, which is an upper right arm of Shelikhov Bay in the north-east corner of the Sea of Okhotsk. Because the tides in the Penzhin Bay are the highest ones for Pacific Ocean reaching the height 13,4 metres (44 ft), several projects of power station were suggested. One of proposed variants presumes installed capacity 87 GW and annual production 200 TWh of electricity.

8. Прочитайте 1-й и 2-й абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. Has Russia ever developed large-scale commercial wind energy production?

2. What are the areas of wind energy production located and what are they characterized by?

3. How much wind energy had Russia in 2006?

4. What are the renewable energy prospects in Russia?

Контрольное задание № 2 Грамматические комментарии к выполнению контрольного задания № 2

Упражнение № 1

1) Participle I – причастие настоящего времени.

To work + ing = working – работающий, работая.

а) While bombarding the upper layers of the atmosphere, cosmic rays reach the surface of the earth. – Бомбардируя верхние слои атмосферы, космические лучи достигают поверхности земли (bombarding – обстоятельство).

б) The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom. – Мельчайшая частица, имеющая все характеристики элемента, называется атом (having – определение).

2) Participle II – причастие прошедшего времени образуется:

а) у правильных глаголов – +ed: asked – спрошенный;

б) неправильных глаголов – 3-я форма: written – написанный.

When heated to a certain temperature, this alloy increases in volume. – Нагретый до определенной температуры, этот сплав увеличивается в объеме.

Упражнение № 2

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Модальный глагол	Эквивалент
1) can – мочь, уметь (физическая или умственная способность): I can speak English (Present). I could speak English (Past).	a) to be able to – мочь, быть в состоянии (употребляется во всех временах): I am able to speak English. I was able to speak English. I’ll be able to speak English.
2) may – мочь (разрешение, вероятность): May I take your book? He may come at 6. Might – прошедшая форма.	a) to be allowed to – мочь, иметь разрешение (употребляется во всех временах): I was not allowed to go there. – Мне не разрешили пойти туда.

3) must – должен (употребляется только в настоящем времени): I must finish this work today.

a) hаve to – должен, быть вынужденным, приходиться (в силу обстоятельств), (употребляется во всех временах): They had to leave. – Им пришлось уйти. б) to be to – должен (в силу договоренности или плана), (употребляется в настоящем и прошедшем времени): I am to finish this work today. – Я должен закончить эту работу сегодня. в) should, ought to – должен, следует, не мешало бы (в виде совета), (употребляется только в прошедшем времени) You should stay in bed if you are ill. – Тебе следует оставаться в постели, если ты болен.

Упражнение № 3