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2 Translate the words/word combinations into Ukrainian, find English synonyms and antonyms:

landmark, to host, purpose-built, torch, chief executive, crucial, rival, facilities, spokesman, confine, seating capacity, rule out, line up, World Cup, to project laser image, under pressure, under construction.

3 Make up 10 sentences using the words/ word-combinations from task 2.

Hyde Park could host the opening ceremony of the 2012 Olympics under proposals for Britain's bid that would break with a tradition of the modern games.

Organisers want to exploit the global appeal of London's bestknown landmarks by staging events at venues throughout the capital, from Trafalgar Square to the Millennium Dome in Greenwich.

Instead of using the purpose-built stadium in east London, the opening extravaganza would take place in the heart of the capital.

Under one option, the Olympic torch wilt be carried through crowds lining the Mall, the venue of last year's golden jubilee celebrations and the historic focus of national events.

LondonДЕРЖАВНИЙPlans the Landmark Olympics

УМСЬКИЙThe proposal disclosed by Edaw, the bids design team, to east London council chief executives, may be crucial in winning support

for London against Paris, Madrid and Rio de Janeiro, its most dangerous rivals.

Trafalgar Square, with a mobile pool, could be used for diving and the dome for boxing, gymnastics and basketball. The organizers are also going to approach Eton College for permission to use its rowing facilities.

Hyde Park is also being lined up to stage the triathlon, Greenwich Park for equestrian events and Lord's cricket ground for archery. The new Wembley stadium, due for completion in 2006, will be used for

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football. Regent's Park for beach volleyball and Alexandra Palace for badminton.

Although planning is at an early stage, the entire contingent of 10,000 athletes could march along the Mall and onwards to Hyde Park. One source suggested the-facade of Buckingham Palace could be used to project a laser image of the interlocking Olympic rings. In 2002, a giant Union Jack was beamed onto it at the finale of the golden jubilee pop concert.

A spokesman for London 2012 said:

"There are lots of ideas that are being discussed, but there are no firm plans at this stage for the opening and closing ceremonies."

pools.

London's royal parks could host a quarter of the 28 events to be staged at the Olympics, said William Weston, chief executive of the Royal Parks Agency.

Michael Ward, chief executive of the London Development

Agency, said it will cost £5 00m to buy land to complete the 1,500- УМСЬКИЙacre development.

There are already signs that budgets will come under pressure. Officials wanted to use the new £ 10m rowing centre at the Royal Albert Docks, but the basin is too short. So Eton College is to be asked to volunteer the use of its Dorney Lake facility, which is under construction and due to open in 2004.

Tennis is also a problem as the All England club at Wimbledon, in south-west London, is considered to be too far from the Olympic Village in the East End. If Wimbledon is ruled out then a new tennis

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2 Translate the words/ word-combinations into Ukrainian. Find English synonyms and antonyms:

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to inhabit, to survive, invader, to evolve, mingling, veal, round, bend, УНІВЕРСИТЕ

medium, tycoon, quinine, lilac, bizarre, rendezvous, hoover, approximately, broadcast.

3 Make up 10 sentences using the following words/ wordcombinations:

speakers of Celtic languages, the parent language, the mixing of the two languages, the language of government, three languages coexisted, hardly recognizable, a highly inflected language, the trend towards simplicity, the language of pop music, varieties of English.

4 Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian:

Two thousand years ago the British Isles were inhabited by speakers of Celtic languages. These languages still survive in parts of Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and Brittany in France. The Celts were conquered by the Romans, and from 43 BC to about AD 410 the areas which, arc now England and Wales were part of the Roman Empire, and Latin was the language of government. Between the fourth and seventh centuries A.D., the Anglo-Saxons arrived from what is now northern Germany, Holland and Denmark, and occupied most of England, and parts of southern Scotland. In some parts of Wales, Scotland and Ireland, people still speak Celtic languages. The Anglo-Saxons spoke a Germanic language which forms the basis of modern English.

This language was modified by the arrival of Viking invaders in the УМСЬКИЙnorth and case of the country, who came from Norway and Denmark between the eighth and eleventh centuries. These Scandinavian

settlers spoke Old Norse, which was related to Anglo-Saxon, and which is the parent language of modern Danish. The mixing of the two languages greatly enriched the vocabulary of English. By the middle of the tenth century England had become a unified country under one king.

In 1066 England was conquered by the French-speaking Normans, and French became the language of government. For the next three

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Today English vocabulary is approximately half Germanic (from the Saxons and Vikings) and half Romance (from French and Latin). There are however considerable borrowings from other languages. Some derived words:

hundred years three languages co-existed. The aristocracy spoke French, the ordinary people spoke English, whileУНІВЕРСИТЕLatin was used in the church. Modern English evolved the mingling of the three tongues.

Old English: shirt, life, death, heaven, earth, love, hare;

Old Norse: skirt, birth, window, ugly, wrong, they, their, them; French: boil, roast, veal, beef, tailor;

Latin: index, item, major, memorandum.

Features of the English language

English has changed so much in the last 1500 years that it would

now be hardly recognizable to the Anglo-Saxons who brought the language across theДЕРЖАВНИЙNorth Sea) Although they would be able to recognize many individual words, they would not recognize the way

those words are put together to make sentences. Old English, like modern German, was a highly inflected language, i.e. most words changed their endings or forms to show their relationship to other words in the sentence according to number (singular, plural), gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), case (subject, object), tense (past, future) etc) Some modem English words still inflect, but much less so than in other European languages. The English verb ‘to ride’ inflects into five forms (ride, rides, riding, rode, ridden) whereas the equivalent German verb has sixteen forms. The English word ‘the’ has only one form, whereas other European languages would have several different forms. The trend towards simplicity of form is considered to

УМСЬКИЙbe a strength of English. Another strength is the flexibility of function of individual words. Look at these uses of the word ‘round’:

There was a round table (adjective). He bought a round of drinks (noun). He turned round (adverb).

He ran round the field (preposition).

The car tried to round the bend too quickly (verb).

This flexibility, together with a flexibility towards the assimilation of words borrowed from other languages and the spontaneous creation

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Australian Aborigine: kangaroo boomerang; Modern French: rendezvous café;

Modern German: kindergarten. Some ‘created’ words:

xerox, to xerox, xeroxed

a hoover, to hoover, hoovered mackintosh, sandwich, submarine, helicopter, pop, rock’ n ’roll, x-ray, astronaut, hot dog.

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Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is the language of aviation, international sport and pop music) 75% of the world’s mail is in English, 60% of the world’s radio stations broadcast in English and more than half of the world’s periodicals arc printed in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many varieties of English, but Scottish, Texan, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would recognize that they are all speaking the same basic language.

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