Дирижабль тяжелого лифта

В отличие от других новых проектов дирижабля гигант CL CargoLifter 160 (Германия) нацелен на приложения груза тяжелого лифта, не на туризм или рекламу. Это будет начало новой эры в грузопотоке.

Полутвердый дирижабль 65 метров диаметром, 260 метров длиной будет способен к транспортировке 160 тонн, эквивалентных грузам 36 стандартным 40-футовым контейнерам — к отдаленным (отдаленным) стройплощадкам на расстоянии в 10,000 км. Со скоростью круиза всего 80-120 км/час CL 160 не получил бы груз к своему предназначению поблизости с такой скоростью, как более тяжелое, чем воздух ремесло, такое как Antonov 124, но это не будет также требовать приземляющихся средств, необходимых для необычно большого самолета.

Пришвартовывался (причаливать) выше места поставки, дирижабль понизит грузы, используя бортовой подъемный кран, фактически не имея необходимость приземлиться. Команда пять, включая навигатора и двух грузовых владельцев (высококвалифицированные рабочие) управляла бы судном.

Фактически, проект CargoLifter родился потребности логистики, выраженной производителями электрических генераторов, турбин и другого больше обычного размера (то есть, больше, чем обычный размер) машина.

Турбо двигатели шахты Rolls-Royce-Turbomeca должны использоваться для того, чтобы вывести большой дирижабль, круиз, обеспечиваемый дизельными силовыми установками.

Английский для Технических университетов и вузов файл принадлежит сайту www.crypower.ru

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ стр. 269

To be read after Lesson 8 What Is GPS?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navi­gation system made up of a network of 24 satellites. GPS was origi­nally intended for military applications, but now the systems is available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to Earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact lo­cation. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map.

A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track (прослеживать) movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been deter­mined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing (пеленг), track, trip distance, distance to destina­tion, sunrise and sunset time and more.

Today's GPS receivers are extremely accurate within an aver­age of three to five meters thanks to their parallel multi-channel design.

The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbit­ing the earth about 12,000 miles above us. They are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are travelling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour.

GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar eclipse (затмение), when there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path.

Here are some other interesting facts about the GPS satellites:

1. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.

2. A full constellation (созвездие) of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.

3. Each satellite is built to last about 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into orbit.

4. A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels extended.

5. Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less.

GPS satellites transmit two low power radio signals. The signals travel by line of sight, meaning they will pass through clouds, glass and plastic but will not go through most solid objects such as build­ings and mountains.

A GPS signal contains three different bits of information — a pseudorandom code, ephemeris data and almanac data.

Some factors that can degrade the GPS signal and thus affect accuracy include the following:

1. The satellite signal slows as it passes through the atmosphere.

2. The GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings or large rock surfaces before it reaches the receiver. This increases the travel time of the signal, thereby causing errors.

3. A receiver's built-in clock is not as accurate as the atomic clocks onboard the GPS satellites. Therefore, it may have very slight timing errors.

The more satellites a GPS receiver can «see,» the better the accuracy. Buildings, terrain, electronic interference, or sometimes even dense foliage (листва) can block signal reception, causing po­sition errors or possibly no position reading at all. GPS units typi­cally will not work indoors, underwater or underground.

Английский для Технических университетов и вузовфайл принадлежит сайту www.crypower.ru

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ стр. 269

To be read after Lesson 8