Контрольная работа № 4

1 Вариант

Проработайте следующие разделы курса по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Употребление герундия в английском языке (Gerund).

2. Согласование времен в главном и придаточном предложениях.

3. Отрицательная форма глагола-сказуемого в предложении.

4. Оборот it is difficult for … to do … в английском языке.

5. Употребление наречий в английском языке. Место наречий в предложении.

I. Выполните следующие грамматические задания:

1. Используя герундий, сделайте предложения короче, переведите предложения:

1. You will learn a lot about market situations if you read this text.

2. The firm will be able to differentiate its product from the similar one when it creates some new details.

3. Governments commonly regulate monopolies because they approve prices set by utility companies.

4. Much public information may be available, though most firms try to keep the specifics of their plan secret.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме, соблюдая правило согласования времен. Переведите предложения:

1. Mr. Sedov said that they (to be going) to place an order with a French firm.

2. The firm let us know last week that they not (to ship) the equipment yet.

3. The firm did not accept our offer. They already (to buy) the goods from another firm.

4. The stewardess said that the plane (to take off) in 10 minutes.

5. Yesterday our director (to fly) to London on business. He never (to be) there before.

3. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите предложения:

1. He went to another hotel.

2. Mr. Cook was available at two o’clock.

3. My wife could send the telegram yesterday.

4. They decided to pack the things today.

5. Mr. Wood is staying at the Metropolis Hotel.

4. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя оборот it is difficult for … to do …

1. Зимой мне трудно бывает вставать рано.

2. Нам необходимо рассмотреть все эти вопросы на этой неделе.

3. Я не думаю, что вам будет трудно вести переговоры на английском языке.

4. Ему легко изучать английский, потому что он знает французский и немецкий.

5. Поставьте наречия на правильное место в предложении в зависимости от их значения и назначения, переведите предложения:

1. The weather was gloomy on that day. (extremely)

2. I have seen a talking parrot. (never)

3. We shall go to the country. (tomorrow)

4. My aunt Helen lives with her little daughter. (here)

5. The boys opened that magazine. (seldom)

II. Письменно переведите текст: competition

The competitive environment affects the number and types of competitors the marketing manager must face – and how they may behave. Although marketing managers usually can’t control these factors, they can choose strategies and avoid head-on competition. And, where the competition is inevitable, they can plan for it.

Economists describe four basic kinds of market (competitive) situations: pure competition, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and monopoly. Understanding the differences among these market situations is helpful.

In monopolistic competition, a number of different firms offer marketing mixes that at least some customers see as different. Each competitor tries to get control (a monopoly) in its “own” market. But competition still exists because some customers see the various alternatives as substitutes. A subset of these firms may even compete head-on for the same customers with similar marketing mixes. With monopolistic competition, each firm has its own down-sloping demand curve. But the share of the demand curve – and elasticity of demand – depends on how similar competitors’ products and marketing mixes are. Most marketing managers in developed economies face monopolistic competition.

In monopolistic competition, marketing managers try to differentiate very similar products by relying on other elements of the marketing mix.

The economist’s traditional view is that most product-market head toward pure competition – or oligopoly – over the long-run. In these situations, a marketing manager competes for customers against competitors who are offering very similar products. Because customers see the different available products (marketing mixes) as close substitutes, competing firms must compete with lower and lower prices, especially in pure competition where there are likely to be large numbers of competitors. Profit margins shrink until they are just high enough to keep the most efficient firms in business. Avoiding pure competition is sensible – and certainly fits with our emphasis on target marketing.

Задания к тексту:

1. Допишите предложения, используя информацию из текста.

1. Where the competition is inevitable, …

2. Most marketing managers in developed economies …

3. Profit margins shrink until they …

2. Найдите в тексте сложноподчиненное предложение, выпишите его и определите тип придаточного предложения.

3. Переведите на русский язык предложения:

1. It is reasonable to identify potential competitors from the viewpoint of target customers.

2. It is very difficult to dislodge an established market leader.

3. If now specific competitors can be identified, marketing managers may start doing some other work.