admin_podatkiv_kalinesku

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ). əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɿ ɧɟ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɩɪɨ ʀʀ ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ (ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ), ɬɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɽ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɰɸ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɦɨɜɱɚɧɧɹɦ (ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɽ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɡ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɣɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɫɭɦɨɸ;

2)ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ

ɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ (ɤɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ), ɽ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ). ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɿ ɧɟ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɩɪɨ ʀʀ ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ (ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ), ɜɨɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

ȼɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɚɦ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɨ 15 ɥɢɩɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɰɿɽʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɞɨ 15 ɫɟɪɩɧɹ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɭ — ɞɨ 15 ɥɢɫɬɨ-

ɩɚɞɚ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɫɭɦɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɬɨ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ. Ɉɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɢ ɰɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɹɤ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ (ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ), ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ (ɫɭɞɨɜɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ). ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ ɡɿ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɭ ɞɨɞ. Ⱦ. ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɫɤɚɪɝ ɬɚ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ ɳɨɞɨ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɭ ɞɨɞ. ȿ. ɉɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ, ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɣ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɚ ɡ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɉɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ.

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

Ⱥɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ.

Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɽ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɥɹɞ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ — 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ (ɩɪɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬ-

ɜɚ) ɿ 30 (ɞɚɥɿ 10/30) ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ (ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨ-

ɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ), ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ-ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ.

Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ.

ɋɭɞɨɜɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɹɤ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɨɡɚ ɧɢɦ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ, ɳɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ) ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɿ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɥɹɞ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ. ɋɤɚɪɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ. ȼɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɭ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɿ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɟɧɚ. ɋɤɚɪɝɚ ɦɚɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ʀʀ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ. ɍ ɫɤɚɪɡɿ ɜɤɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ:

1)ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ, ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ, ɡɚ ɹɤɨɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɢɫɥɚɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ (ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ) ɡɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ;

2)ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɹɤɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɞɚɬɚ ɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ;

3)ɫɭɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɨɯɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɣ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɝɨɞɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɫɭɦɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ;

4)ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ;

5)ɩɿɞɩɢɫ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɿɞɩɢɫ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ, ɫɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ;

6)ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ, ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɩɨɲɬɨɸ ɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɢɫ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɭ ɰɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɡɝɨɞɧɢɣ ɿɡ ɫɭɦɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɹɤɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. əɤɳɨ ɫɤɚɪɝɚ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ, ɜɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ.

ɋɤɚɪɝɚ, ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɡ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ, ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɽ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɞɨ ɞɧɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ. ɉɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɳɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɚ ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ.

ɉɟɪɜɢɧɧɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

əɤɳɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɜɚɞɰɹɬɢɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ (ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɚ), ɬɚɤɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɨɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ [39,

ɫɬ. 56]:

1)ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɥɹɞɭ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɫɤɚɪɝɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɪɢɞɰɹɬɢɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɧɟ ɚɛɨ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɟ ɧɟɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ;

2)ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ;

3)ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ (ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɹɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɿ ɰɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɸ;

4)ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ (ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ). Ⱦɟɧɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ

ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɧɟɦ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɟɧɸ ɿ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ʀɯ ɧɚ-

93

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

ɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɨɜɧɨʀ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ, ɫɬɪɨɤ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɳɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɣɲɨɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɫɤɚɪɝɨɸ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɨ ɞɚɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ (ɜɤɥɸɱɧɨ) ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɭɞɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɪɭ.

ɋɭɞɨɜɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ. Ɂ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɸ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɱɚɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ; ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹ. ȯɞɢɧɟ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 1095 ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɨ ɤɨɠɧɢɣ ɜɢɩɚɞɨɤ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ. ɉɪɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɡ ɩɨɡɨɜɨɦ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɢɦ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɿ ɣ ɭɯɜɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɧɟɦ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɰɢɦ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɢɥɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɨɡɨɜ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ.

ɉɟɧɹ ɬɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɭ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ʀʀ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ), ɫɤɚɫɨɜɚɧɭ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɸ, ɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɩɟɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɿ, ɜɨɧɢ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɜ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ, ɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɸ [39, ɫɬ. 57].

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

5.1.ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

5.2.əɤ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ?

5.3.ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɜ ɹɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɭɦ, ɳɨ ɧɚɞɿɣɲɥɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

5.4.ȼ ɹɤɚɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ?

5.5.Ɂɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ?

5.6.ȼ ɹɤɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ?

5.7.ȼ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ?

5.8.əɤɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ?

5.9.əɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɦɚɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ?

5.10.ɋɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɜɢɞɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɶ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ȼɂɆɈȽɂ

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɟɪɲɟ ɿ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɤɥɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ.

6.1. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə. ɎɈɊɆȺ ɌȺ ɋɄɅȺȾ ɊȿɄȼȱɁɂɌȱȼ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ — ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ. ȼɨɧɢ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡɿ ɫɬ. 6 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ» [22; 39, ɫɬ. 58] ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ, ɹɤɚ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ, ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɽ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɋɊɋɊ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɡ’ɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ 1934 ɪɨɤɭ [42, ɫ. 214], ɤɨɥɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɦɿɧɟɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɿ ɨɤɥɚɞɧɿ ɥɢɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ. Ɂɚ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɫɭɬɬɸ ɜɨɧɢ ɽ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɽ ɫɜɨɽɪɿɞɧɢɦ ɧɚɝɚɞɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ, ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ, ɫɭɦ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ [42, ɫ. 215]:

ɚ) ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ;

ɛ) ɹɤɳɨ ɞɚɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ; ɜ) ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɛɿɝɭ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɜɢɹɜɢɜ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɱɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɿɣ ɩɥɚɬ-

97

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

ɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ;

ɝ) ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɱɢ ɡɛɨɪɭ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ), ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɩ’ɹɬɶ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ: ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɱɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ:

1)ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ:

— ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «Ɏ» ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɚɛɨ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɡ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ;

2)«ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɱɧɿ» ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ:

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «Ɋ» ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɱɧɢɯ, ɚɥɟ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɭ ɩɿɞɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɸ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɿ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ:

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «ȼ1» ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ;

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «ȼ2» ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ;

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «ȼ3» ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɜ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɿ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ;

3) «ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ» ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ:

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «ɒ» ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ. ɍ ɮɨɪɦɿ «ɒ» ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɭɦɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɭ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɰɟ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ;

—ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ «Ɂ» ɡɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɿ ɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɸ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɟɧɧɹ. ɍ ɮɨɪɦɿ «Ɂ» ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɦɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɭ, ɳɨ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨ- ɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ-ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 58 ɩ. 1] ɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɭ ɞɨɞ. ɀ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

6.2. ɉɊɈɐȿɋ ɋɄɅȺȾȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɖ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɛɨɪɭ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ). ɍ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɫɹ:

1)ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ;

2)ɩɨɫɢɥɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɛɭɜ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ;

3)ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɱɢ ɡɛɨɪɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ;

4)ɫɭɦɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ (ɡɚ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ);

5)ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ;

6)ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ;

7)ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ;

8)ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ʀɯ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

əɤɳɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ, ɞɨɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ) ɿ ɩɟɧɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɚɯ, ɬɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɟɞɟ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ, ɭ ɬɨɣ ɫɚɦɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɦ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɿɞ ɪɨɡɩɢɫɤɭ ɱɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ (ɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɦ) ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ (ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ) ɱɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ [39, ɫɬ. 58 ɩ. 3].

Ɂɜɟɪɧɟɦɨ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ, ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɟ ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [80], ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɱɢ ɩɨɲɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɪɭɱɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɪɚɤ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿ-

99

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 6. ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȱ ɉɈȼȱȾɈɆɅȿɇɇə ɌȺ …

ɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ, ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɲɰɿ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɶ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɿ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɧɟɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɡ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɫɭɦɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ (ɱɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ). ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɧɿɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɡɝɨɞɢ ɡ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɫɭɦɨɸ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ, ɡ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɤɚɪɝ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ [74], ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɡɥɨɱɢɧɢ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɹɤɨʀ ɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ, ɡɛɨɪɢ, ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɨɛɜɢɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɪɨɤ, ɳɨ ɧɚɛɪɚɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ, ɚɛɨ ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɪɟɚɛɿɥɿɬɭɸɱɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɚɦɢ, ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ, ɬɚ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ

ɿɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ. ɋɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨ-

ɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ-ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɚɦɢ, ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ, ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ ɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɪɟɚɛɿɥɿɬɭɸɱɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɢɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ-ɪɿɲɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.1, 6.2 [42, ɫ. 216].

Ʉɨɠɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ: ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, — ɩɟɪɲɿ 6 ɰɢɮɪ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ (ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ); ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, — ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ 4 ɰɢɮɪɢ; ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɿɛ ɜɤɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ, ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ʋ0000012301/0 — ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ʋ 0000012301/1 —

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