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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɤɨɠɧɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ.

Ɉɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɳɨɪɿɱɧɨ ɡɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ [60, ɫ. 80]:

—ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ — ɡ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɪɨɤɭ;

—ɜɡɹɬɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ — ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ;

—ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ — ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ (ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ, ɹɤɚ ɡ ɰɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ).

Ɉɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɭ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɯ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ. ɇɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɬɨɪɢɧɰɿ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ. Ɂɜɨɪɨɬɧɢɣ ɛɿɤ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɽ ɫɜɨɽɪɿɞɧɢɦ «ɞɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɫɥɭɯɧɹɧɨɫɬɿ» ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɿ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ, ɧɟɞɨʀɦɤɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɬɢ, ɲɬɪɚɮɧɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ. Ɂɚɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɢɜɧɹɯ ɬɚ ɤɨɩɿɣɤɚɯ.

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɜɢɯɨɞɹɱɢ ɡɿ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ [60, ɫ. 81]. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɜɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɜɧɟɫɤɿɜ, ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ) ɬɨɳɨ.

Ʉɚɪɬɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɨɜɚɧɿ ɭ ȯɞɢɧɢɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɳɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɡɧɚɤ (ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɭ, ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɨɛɫɹɝɚɦɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɫɭɦ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɨʀ ɧɟɞɨʀɦɤɢ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɿɥɨɦ, ɜ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ). ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ) ɽ ɬɢɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɡɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿɹɯ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɝɭ ɬɨɳɨ.

81

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

Ɂɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɿɜ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɜɢɳɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ. ɉɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɚ ɤɨɦɩ’ɸɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɪɨɛɿɬ ɬɚ ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɞɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ȼ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ (ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ) ɪɨɡɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɢ. ȼ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. Ɋɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ «ɜɬɹɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ» ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɞɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ [22; 39] ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ:

1)ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ, ɰɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɡɜɭ «ɞɟɤɥɚɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ»;

2)ɫɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ, ɚɥɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɡɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɜ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɩɪɢ ɫɬɹɝɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ;

3)ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ (ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ) ɫɭɦɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ’ɽɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞ’ɽɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ:

— ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ (ɦɢɬɧɭ) ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ;

— ɞɚɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ (ɦɢɬɧɢɯ) ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ, ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ;

82

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

—ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɩɟɧɿ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɽ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ;

—ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɞɭ, ɳɨ ɧɚɛɪɚɥɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ, ɨɫɨɛɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɜɢɧɧɨɸ ɜ ɭɯɢɥɟɧɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

—ɞɚɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɳɨɞɨ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɜɢɩɥɚɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ;

—ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɦɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɦɢɬɧɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ.

4) ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɜɚɪɬɿɫɧɢɯ, ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɿ (ɩɟɪɟɫɢɥɚɧɧɿ) ɧɚ ɦɢɬɧɭ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɜɟɡɟɧɧɿ (ɩɟɪɟɫɢɥɚɧɧɿ) ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɡ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɞɟɤɥɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɦɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɦɢɬɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɛɚɡɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.

əɤɳɨ ɫɭɦɚ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ, ɩɪɨɬɟ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɟ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɢɬɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ Ⱦɉȱ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.1 [42, ɫ. 201].

ɇɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɹɤɿ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ «Ɋɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ ɬɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ» ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɤɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ.

ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɣ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ

83

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ, ɳɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.2 [42, ɫ. 203]. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɡɚɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ.

ɇɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ «Ɋɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ ɬɚ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ» ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ.

Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɟɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɿ ɡ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ

Ɋɢɫ. 5.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ Ⱦɉȱ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɡɚ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ, ɩɪɢ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ

84

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɬɚ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɪɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɳɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɡɜɿɪɹɸɬɶ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɯ ɪɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɯ ɫɭɦ, ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ, ɹɤɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɡ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ. ɉɪɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ [60, ɫ. 83].

ȼɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜ ɞɜɨɯ ɟɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚɯ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ

Ɋɢɫ. 5.2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɜ Ⱦɉȱ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɸ

ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɡ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ. ɉɪɨɬɟ ɪɹɞ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ Ɉɳɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɿ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɿɬɟɬɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɫɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɶ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɿ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɤɨɞɿɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨʀ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ. Ɂɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɿɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ [60, ɫ. 83]:

— ɩɪɢ ɛɟɡɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ — ɤɨɩɿɣ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɪɭɱɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ;

85

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

—ɩɪɢ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ — ɤɨɩɿɣ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɪɭɱɟɧɶ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɶ Ɉɳɚɞɛɚɧɤɭ ɬɚ ɤɨɪɿɧɰɿɜ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ («ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ») ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɸ;

—ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɪɭɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ Ⱦɟɪɠɤɨɦɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɢ ɡ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɥɨɧɿɜ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɿɜ; ɤɨɩɿɣ, ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɤɜɢɬɚɧɰɿɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɬɚ.

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɨɛɪɨɛɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɿ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɪɨɡɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɫɭɦ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ, ɰɿ ɞɨɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɡ’ɹɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɶ. ɇɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ 5 ɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɩɿɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɱɢ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɰɿ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɡ’ɹɫɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɿ ɪɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɧɸ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ.

Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɱɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɳɨɦɿɫɹɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɜɿɪɤɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨʀ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ.

5.2. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɉɊɈȼȿȾȿɇɇə ȼɁȺȯɆɈɁȼȱɊȿɇɇə

ɁɉɅȺɌɇɂɄȺɆɂ ɌȺ ɁȺɄɊɂɌɌə ɈɋɈȻɈȼɂɏ ɊȺɏɍɇɄȱȼ

Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɬɚ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚ-

86

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɧɨɦ ɧɚ 1 ɫɿɱɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɡɚ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚɦɢ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ. Ɂɚ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɟ ɣ ɧɚ ɿɧɲɭ ɡɜɿɬɧɭ ɞɚɬɭ. Ɂɚ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚɦɢ, ɩɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɿ ɞɪɭɤɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ [60, ɫ. 84-85].

ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɫɚɥɶɞɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɫɩɿɜɩɚɞɚɽ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɧɚ 1 ɫɿɱɧɹ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɜɿɪɟɧɢɦɢ. ɉɪɨ ɰɟ ɪɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɚ ɭ ɤɧɢɡɿ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɦ, ɹɤɚ ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ.

əɤɳɨ ɫɚɥɶɞɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɦ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɡɛɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɬɨ ɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɨɦ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɿɜ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɽ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɨʀ ɜɢʀɡɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɝɪɭɞɧɹ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɿɞɛɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɪɿɤ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɿɜ ɜ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɿ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ, ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɢɯ, ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɢɯ ɫɭɦ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɲɬɪɚɮɧɢɯ (ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ) ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɿ ɩɟɧɿ. əɤɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɛɨɪɝ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɦɿɪɭ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɿ ɫɭɦɢ, ɧɟɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɚ ɩɟɧɹ ɬɨɳɨ, ɬɨ ɰɿ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ. ɇɭɥɶɨɜɟ ɫɚɥɶɞɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ.

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɿ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɧɢɠɱɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɧɟɞɨʀɦɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ.

ɉɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɽ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ. ɍ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɿɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɰɿ ɬɚɤɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ʋ 1-ɉ «Ɂɜɿɬ ɩɪɨ ɫɭɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ) ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ» ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɳɨɦɿɫɹɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɧɚ 1 ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɦ [60, ɫ. 85-86].

Ɂɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ

87

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

ɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ (ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ) ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɡɜɿɪɹɸɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɛɿɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɿɡ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɚɦɢ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɳɨɦɿɫɹɱɧɿ ɡɜɿɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɭɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɹɤ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɬɚɤ ɿ Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɦ ɨɛɥɞɟɪɠɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɧɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɦ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɂ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿɜ, ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ȾɉȺ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɿ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿɣ, ɞɥɹ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ — ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɚɞɦɿ- ɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɸ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ ɡ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɮ. ʋ 1-ɉ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ (ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ). Ɂɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɡɜɿɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɭɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɦ [60, ɫ. 86]:

—ɧɚ ɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɢɯ ɧɨɫɿɹɯ — ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɿɣ Ɋɚɞɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ Ⱦɟɪɠɤɨɦɫɬɚɬɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ;

—ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ — Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ ɬɚ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɫɹɝɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɮɿɫɤɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ.

Ɂɚ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɨɸ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ, ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɡ ɧɢɦ ɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɧɚɣɦɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɰɿɧɤɨɸ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɛɚɡ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɛɨɪɭ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ) ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ [22, ɫɬ. 4

ɩ. 3.2].

Ɉɛɜɢɧɭɜɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜ ɭɯɢɥɟɧɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ (ɚɪɛɿɬɪɚɠɧɢɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ) [22, ɫɬ. 4 ɩ. 3.7].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧ-

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ [39, ɫɬ. 57].

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ɫɭɦɭ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ (ɭɬɪɢɦɚɧɨɝɨ) ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ), ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɧɢɦ ɡ ɞɨɯɨɞɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɩɥɚɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɜɢɩɥɚɬɢ, ɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 57].

ɋɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɭ ɦɢɬɧɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɿɧɲɟ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɿ [39, ɫɬ. 57], ɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ, — ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 30 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ-ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ-ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɤɪɿɦ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ, ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɪɨɡɩɨɱɢɧɚɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ.

Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɿ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣ (ɫɟɥɢɳɧɿɣ) ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ, ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɫɢ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɢɯ (ɫɟɥɢɳɧɢɯ) ɪɚɞ ɡɚ ɤɜɢɬɚɧɰɿɽɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

5.3. ɍɁȽɈȾɀȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɖ

ɋɭɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɜɤɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɿ ɬɚ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ-

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ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

ɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɢɦ ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɞɧɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɟ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɭɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. ȼɢɞɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.3 [22, ɫɬ. 5; 39, ɫɬ. 56].

ɋɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ. Ɍɚɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɟ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

ɍɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ

Ⱥɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɋɭɞɨɜɟ

Ɋɢɫ. 5.3. ȼɢɞɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ

ɇɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɡɚɦɨɜɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɟ. ɍ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɬɚ ɫɭɞɨɜɟ [22, ɫɬ. 5; 39, ɫɬ. 56].

ɍɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɡɚɦɨɜɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɫɭɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɂɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɞɜɿ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ:

1) ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɉɋ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ (ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ; ɞɚɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɦɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ, ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ; ɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɿ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɿɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɿ

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