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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

Ɉɩɢɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɿɜ (ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜ), ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ «ȯɞɢɧɟ ɜɿɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ», ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɿɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɬɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ.

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ «ȯɞɢɧɟ ɜɿɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ» ɬɚ ɜɫɿ ʀʀ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ.

Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ «ȯɞɢɧɟ ɜɿɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ» ɚɛɨ ʀʀ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɿɧɲɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ [39, ɫɬ. 49 ɩ. 17].

4.3. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȲ ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐȱȲ. ɎɈɊɆɂ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐȱɃ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨɸ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɬɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɭ [39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 1].

Ɉɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ — ɰɟ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɹɤɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤɨʀ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɬɪɚɱɚɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 2] ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɿɡ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɤɜɿ-

ɡɢɬɢ [39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 3]:

ɬɢɩ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ, ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ, ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɧɨɜɢɣ); ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ) ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɡɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟ-

ɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ; ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ) ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɳɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ (ɞɥɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸ-

ɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ); ɩɨɜɧɟ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ

ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ; ɤɨɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɢɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɦ

ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ; ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ

ɫɟɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿ-

71

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɌȺ ɋɌɊɈɄɂ ɉɈȾȺɇɇə …

ɝɿɣɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɿ);

ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ (ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ; ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ

ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ; ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɜɿɬɭ (ɚɛɨ ɞɚɬɚ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ — ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ

ɮɨɪɦɢ); ɿɧɿɰɿɚɥɢ, ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɧɨɦɟɪɢ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ

ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ; ɩɿɞɩɢɫɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ

ɨɫɿɛ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɿ ɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ (ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ);

ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɛɚɡɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ; ɫɭɦɭ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɿ ɩɿɥɶɝ;

ɫɭɦɭ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ; ɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ; ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɩɥɚɬɿ.

ɍ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɤɨɥɢ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɬɚ ɽ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ

[39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 4]:

ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɡɜɿɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ; ɤɨɞ ɜɢɞɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ (ɄȼȿȾ); ɤɨɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɄɈȺɌɍɍ;

ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ) ɩɟɪɿɨɞ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɚ [39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 5]: ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɡɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɬɚɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɚ ɨɫɨ-

ɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɡɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ; ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɦ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɦ;

72

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɭɝɨɞɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɜɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɡɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ — ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ [39, ɫɬ. 48 ɩ. 6].

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ, ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɚ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɽɸ.

Ɋɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶ ɞɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ [90, ɫ. 125]:

1.Ɇɚɣɧɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ — ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚɞɚɧɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɳɨ ɽ ɜ ʀʀ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɣ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ), ɱɢ ɦɚɣɧɚ, ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

2.ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ — ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɡɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ, ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɜɢɬɪɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɧɚ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɨ ɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ» ɜɿɞ 3 ɤɜɿɬɧɹ 1997 ɪ [25, ɫɬ. 7 ɩ. 7]. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɿ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ȾɉȺɍ ɜɿɞ 30 ɬɪɚɜɧɹ 1997 ɪ. [70]. Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɡ ɉȾȼ (ɹɤ ɩɨɜɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɚ) ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɜɫɬɭɩɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɿ ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɽ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɿ ɩɟɪɲɿ ɬɪɢ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ, ɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɣ ɪɨɡɞɿɥ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɥɢɲɟ ɜ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɉȾȼ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɜɫɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɢ (ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ) ɞɨ ɧɟʀ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɤɨɪɢɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɦ ɉȾȼ ɬɨɳɨ.

ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨʀ ɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɧɟɫɭɬɶ [39, ɫɬ. 47 ɩ. 1]:

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʀɯ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ. ȼɿɞ-

73

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɌȺ ɋɌɊɈɄɂ ɉɈȾȺɇɇə …

ɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɿɧ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ;

ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɿ ɱɢ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ;

ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɚɝɟɧɬɢ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɚɯ (ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɿɜ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ (ɤɪɿɦ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɰɿɽɸ ɫɬɚɬɬɟɸ), ɜɿɧ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɞɨ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɱɚɫ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɢɦ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɿ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɞɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽ ɮɚɤɬ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ [39, ɫɬ. 50 ɩ. 1]:

ɚ) ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɧɟɞɨɩɥɚɬɢ ɬɚ ɲɬɪɚɮ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ;

ɛ) ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɧɟɞɨɩɥɚɬɢ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɨɦ, ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɭ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɭ ɲɬɪɚɮɭ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɩ’ɹɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ, ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɭɦɢ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ.

əɤɳɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɧɨɜɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɡ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɚɦɢɣ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɬɨ ɲɬɪɚɮɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ [39, ɫɬ. 50 ɩ. 1].

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɩɨɞɚɧɨʀ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ [39, ɫɬ. 50 ɩ. 2].

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɩɨɞɚɧɨʀ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɜɫɹ, ɜɿɞ-

74

ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ [39,

ɫɬ. 50 ɩ. 3].

4.4.ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɋɄɅȺȾȺɇɇə ɁȼȱɌɇɈɋɌȱ

ɁɉɈȾȺɌɄɍ ɇȺ ɉɊɂȻɍɌɈɄ ɉȱȾɉɊɂȯɆɋɌȼȺ

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɤɨɠɧɢɣ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɧ ɽ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɜ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ, ɹɤɿ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɬɚɜɤɨɸ ɧɭɥɶ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ 154.6 ɫɬɚɬɬɿ 154 ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɭ [39], ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ) ɡ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɨɳɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ — ɰɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɿ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ȾɉȺɍ ɜɿɞ 29.03.2003 ɪ. ʋ 143 (ɞɚɥɿ ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ʋ 143) [72]. ȼɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ (ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ).

Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɨʀ ɿ ɞɜɨɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɞɢɧɚɞɰɹɬɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ. Ⱦɨɞɚɬɤɢ Ʉ1, Ʉ2, ɄɁ, Ʉ4, Ʉ5, Ʉ6 ɿ Ʉ7 ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɳɨɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨ ɫɩɪɨɳɟɧɨɸ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɽɸ. Ⱦɨɞɚɬɤɢ Ɋ1, Ɋ2, Ɋ3 ɿ Ɋ4 ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɪɿɤ, ɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɡ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɪɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɡɜɭ ɩɨɜɧɨʀ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ. ȼ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ʋ143 ɭɬɨɱɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ Ⱦɉɋ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨɦɭ ɚɪɤɭɲɿ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ Ⱥ-4 ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɯ ɚɪɤɭɲɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ Ⱥ-4. ɉɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɧɨɪɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɬɚɽ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ.

Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ Ⱦɉɋ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ. Ɂɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɪɹɞɤɚɯ

75

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɌȺ ɋɌɊɈɄɂ ɉɈȾȺɇɇə …

ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɟɪɤ. Ⱥ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɤɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ.

ȼɫɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɸ ɜ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɪɨɫɬɚɸɱɢɦ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɦ ɡɚ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ (ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ, ɩɿɜɪɿɱɱɹ, ɬɪɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɢ ɿ ɪɿɤ) ɿ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɢɜɧɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɩɿɣɨɤ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ (ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ȱ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɭ 2006 ɪɨɤɭ, ɚ ɞɨ ɰɿɽʀ ɞɚɬɢ — ɜ ɬɢɫɹɱɚɯ ɝɪɢɜɟɧɶ ɡ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ).

Ƚɪɚɧɢɱɧɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɩ. 4.1.4 ɫɬ. 4 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22] — 40 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ. ȼɢɧɹɬɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɽ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ. ȼɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɚɦɢ ɪɨɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 60 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ) ɪɨɤɭ.

Ɍɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22, ɫɬ. 5 ɩ. 3]: ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɸɫ ɳɟ 10 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɚɥɟ ɹɤɳɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɚɛɨ ɫɜɹɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɬɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ.

ɋɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɤɚɡɚɬɢ: ɩɨɜɧɭ ɧɚɡɜɭ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ (ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɰɶɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ); ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɤɨɞ; ɤɨɞ ɜɢɞɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ; ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɨɦɟɪ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ; ɮɚɤɫɭ, ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ (ɡɚ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ).

Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɚɯ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɭ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɹɤɚ ɫɚɦɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɡɜɿɬɧɚ, ɡɜɿɬɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɿɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɡɜɿɬɧɚ ɧɨɜɚ); ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɚɛɨ ɞɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ; ɱɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɽ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɫɿɥɶɝɨɫɩɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ, ɿ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɤɨɫɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ).

Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɢ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɚ, ɚ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɿ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ — ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɟɞɟ ɨɛɥɿɤ, ɬɚ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɸɬɶ ɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɸ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ.

Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢ-

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɫɥɿ ɿ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ), ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɩ. 5.1 ɫɬ. 5 ɿ ɩ. 17.2 ɫɬ. 17 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22]. ɐɟɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚɽ, ɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɿɣ ɪɨɡɫɭɞ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ Ⱦɉɋ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ, ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢ ɫɭɦɭ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɜ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɣ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ.

ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɽ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɨ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ (ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ). əɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɢɛɢɪɚɽ ɫɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɤɨɪɟɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɬɨ ɣɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɪɹɞɤɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɿɣ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ (ɫɬɪ. 02.2, 05.2, 22). ȱɧɚɤɲɟ ɰɟ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɢɦ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɿ ɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɫɭɦ.

ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɽ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ (ɳɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɿ ɪɹɞɤɿɜ 02.2 ɿ 05.2 ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ).

Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɩ. 5.1 ɫɬ. 5 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22] ɿɫɧɭɽ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ 1095 ɞɧɿɜ (ɜɿɞ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɞɨ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɚ), ɬɨ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ, ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ, ɜɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɿ. ɐɟ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɧɟɞɨɩɥɚɬ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɬ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ.

ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɭɛɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ, ɳɨ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɪɨɫɬɚɸɱɢɦ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɦ.

ȼɢɯɨɞɹɱɢ ɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɶ ɩ. 17.2 ɫɬ. 17 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22] ɿ ɩ. 2.3 ɉɨɪɹɞɤɭ ʋ 143 [72], ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɭ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɞɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ). Ɉɬɠɟ, ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɧɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɞɚɜɧɢɧɢ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ. ɏɨɱɚ ɞɚɧɿ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɫɥɭɠɚɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɰɿ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ, ɫɩɥɚɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ (ɧɟɞɨɩɥɚɬɢ ɿ ɲɬɪɚɮɭ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ 5 % ɜɿɞ ɧɟʀ) ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ (ɩ. 1.2 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22]). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟ-

77

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4. ɉɈɊəȾɈɄ ɌȺ ɋɌɊɈɄɂ ɉɈȾȺɇɇə …

ɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɜ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ʀɯɧɽ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ-ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ Ⱦɉȱ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɜɿɞ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ. ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɤɨɦɭɫɶ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɜ ɪɹɞɤɚɯ 02.2 ɿ 05.2 ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɭɦɭ 5 % «ɲɬɪɚɮɭ» ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɜɚɬɢ (ɿ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɤɭ 22 ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ) ɩɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɧɟɞɨɩɥɚɬɢ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

4.1.əɤɿ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ?

4.2.əɤɳɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɡɞɚɱɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɫɜɹɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɹɤɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɛɭɞɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɡɞɚɱɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ?

4.3.ɍ ɹɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɨ-

ɲɬɨɸ?

4.4.əɤɿ ɞɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ, ɹɤɳɨ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɽ ɣɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ?

4.5.ɓɨ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɽ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ?

4.6.əɤɿ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ?

4.7.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ.

4.8.əɤɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɦɚɽ ɤɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ?

4.9.ɑɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ?

4.10.ȼɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɜɢɞɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɛɨɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱦɉɋ.

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ȺȾɆȱɇȱɋɌɊɍȼȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄȱȼ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5

ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɇə ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘɘɑɂɆ ɈɊȽȺɇɈɆ

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɧɟɩɪɹɦɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ, ɧɟɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ, ɨɛɥɿɤ ɫɩɥɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ, ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜɿɪɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɚɩɟɥɹɰɿɣɧɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɫɭɞɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ.

5.1. ɉɈɇəɌɌə «ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɇə». ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɋɍɆɂ ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɇə

ɇɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɬɚ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ, ɿ ɫɚɦɟ ɡ ɰɿɽɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɸ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɧɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɡ ɤɚɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɞɨ 1 ɝɪɭɞɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɿ (ɦɿɫɬɿ).

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɨɞɟɪɠɭɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɧɚɱɟɣɫɬɜɚ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɱɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɿɝɭ.

Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɩ. 1.2 ɫɬ. 1 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ʋ 2181 [22] ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ

79

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɂɁɇȺɑȿɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ …

ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɿ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɰɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ, ɡɛɨɪɢ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ), ɭɤɚɡɚɧɿ ɜ Ɂɚɤɨɧɿ «ɉɪɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ» [23], ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɫɚɧɤɰɿʀ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɰɿɥɹɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɽ [42, ɫ. 199]:

1)ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɸ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɸ ɫɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

2)ɡɛɿɪ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ;

3)ɡɛɿɪ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɜ Ⱦɉȱ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ȱɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɽɸ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ȾɉȺɍ ɜɿɞ 18.07.2005 ʋ 276

[73].Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɿʀ. Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɦɩ’ɸɬɟɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ; ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟʀ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹ- ɡɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɟɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɜ ȾɉȺɍ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɜ ɰɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɢ [42,

ɫ. 199-200]:

1)ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ, ɫɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ, ɜɿɞɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɡɫɬɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ;

2)ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ. ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ

ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ [60, ɫ. 80]:

ɚ) ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ: ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɡɜɿɬɢ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ, ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɚɜɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ;

ɛ) ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ: ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ (ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɚ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ) ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɡ ɞɨɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɭɦ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɭ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ ɬɚ ɩɟɧɿ;

ɜ) ɧɚɞɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ: ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ;

ɝ) ɧɚɞɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ: ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ (ɭɯɜɚɥɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ) ɫɭɞɭ.

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