Урок 4 контрольні завдання до уроків 1 – 3

Завдання 1 Прочитайте та перекладіть подані слова та словосполучення:

а) ore, steam, rapid, to invent, acid, satellite, science, definite, tin, copper, weapons, friction, keyboard, levitation, wheel, occur, tool, essay, to develop, recent, bone.

б) craft people, to hold a cutting edge, to find out more about smth., to move away from farms, prehistoric people, to make the right decision, to react to a person’s voice, the store of knowledge available, technological advances, a fertile imagination, a field of vision, artificial intelligence, to deal with, a decision based on facts.

Завдання 2 Дайте англійські еквіваленти поданих нижче слів та словосполучень:

а) з’ясовувати, зображувати, технології, вирішення, розвиток, знаряддя, залізо, виготовляти, ресурси, сплав, створювати, винаходити, кислота, ґрунтуватися, навколишне середовище, досягнення, надбання, камінь, бронза, мідь, опиратися, майстерність.

б) технічний прогрес, завдяки новим винаходам, інформаційна технологія, індустріальна революція, досягнення техніки, pозроблення нових технологій, змішування двох металів, кам’яний вік, природні матеріали, залізна епоха, індустріальний період, виготовлення потрібних речей.

Завдання 3 З поданих нижче слів складіть якомога більше словосполучень та перекладіть їх:

metallurgy, acid, engineering, age, world, iron, materials, commands, history, base, development, robots, application, engine, environment, rain, protection, computer, ore, steam, knowledge, voice, space, field.

Завдання 4 Заповніть таблицю, використовуючи відомі вам словотворчі моделі:

NOUN	VERB	ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
	to present
conductivity
		creative
1 2			scientifically
1 computer 2
1 advance 2
1 2 3	to produce
			definitely
			really
1 2 magnet 3
1 2	to design
	to react
training
		voiced
electric

Завдання 5 Перекладіть рідною мовою:

1. Teaching a robot to work can be much simpler than training a human apprentice to perform the same task.

2. Every motion made by the worker will be recorded by the robot and will be converted automatically to a program that the robot will then follow.

3. The program is usually stored on a tape cassette or disk.

4. When the robot is given a new task, the disk or cassette can be kept for use when the robot returns to the original task.

5. In 1990 it was calculated that the total energy generated in the USA would be the equivalent in ‘muscle – power energy’ of 153 slaves working for every American man, woman and child in the country.

6. Early engineering was principally either civil or military.

7. We travel to space to learn more about the Earth and about the stars, planets and moons in our universe.

8. Many of the benefits of space research are used to help people in their daily activities.

9. There are also benefits that make life at home easier.

10. Surprisingly, the worst killer of all natural phenomena is not, as we might think, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods or earthquakes, but lightning.

11. Lightning can be a dangerous killer, and often is, far more often than many people may realize.

12. Lightning is, without a doubt, a big killer, the greatest cause of death among all types of storms.

13. The most costly lightning strike in the USA is considered to be the one that hit an army arsenal in northern New Jersey on July 10, 1926.

14. Property damage from this single lightning bolt was placed at $70 million.

15. The study of technology is a study of process that includes both technology and social processes.

16. Technology deals with designing, making, and doing things.

17. It is enriched by discoveries in science and shaped by the designs of engineers.

18. Technology is the way that things are introduced into society.

Завдання 6 Прочитайте текст та складіть 10 питань до його змісту своїм товаришам.

In 1950, there were fewer than 150 computers in the world. In 1970, there were 50,000. Today, companies make 50,000 computers every day! A huge mainframe computer that cost millions of dollars twenty years ago can now be purchased as a portable computer for less than $5,000. Advancements in computer technology and electronics will make future computers even more powerful and less expensive.

Because technology is changing so fast, it is hard to predict what computers of the future will be like. Here are a few possibilites:

- voice-activated computers without keyboard;

- computers that operate with laser light instead of electronic chips;

- computers that react to your eye movements ;

- superconducting, superfast supercomputers ;

- mind-reading computers;

- computers that can think and learn on their own.

Research is being conducted on each of these areas today. For exam­ple, your home or car of the future will be controlled by computers. Parts of them already are.

Завдання 7 Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть поданий нижче текст.

Until late the nineteenth century, engineering as an applied science was divided into two principal groups, civil and military. Mining and metallurgy was the first group to be recognized as a separate branch and the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers was founded in 1871. In 1880 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers was created and in 1884 the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) was organized. In 1908 the American Institute of Chemical Engineers appeared and since then a number of other branch societies have been founded to deal with the aims characteristic of specialized fields of engineering.

Завдання 8

1. Прочитайте текст з метою якомога точніше зрозуміти його зміст.

In fact the beginning of civilization and the beginning of engineering are coincident. Down through the ages, the engineer has been in the forefront as a maker of history. His material accomplishments have had as much impact on world history as any political, economic or social developments.

Basically, the role of engineer has not changed through the centuries. His job is to take knowledge and make practical use of it. He converts scientific theory into useful application, and in so doing, he provides for man’s material needs and well-being.

Outstanding characteristics of engineers through the centuries have been a willingness to work and an intellectual curiosity about the behavior of things. Their queries about Why? , How? , With what?, At What Cost? have all served to stimulate an effort to find desirable answers to many types of technological problems.

Another characteristic associated with engineers is the ability to see ahead. The engineer must have a fertile imagination, must be creative, and must be ready to accept new ideas. Whether an engineer lived at the time of construction of pyramids or has only recently graduated in nuclear engineering, these characteristics have been an important part of his intellectual make up.

б) Визначте, які з поданих нижче речень відповідають змісту тексту:

1. Civilization and engineering belong to different periods of time.

2. Outstanding engineers have always been among those people who determined the course of history.

3. Engineers use information and knowledge to invent devices helping to make our life easier.

4. Asking a lot of questions does not help solving technological problems.

5. Curiosity, creative imagination and desire to work in engineers stimulate technology development.

в) Дайте пояснення або переклад виділених слів та словосполучень.

г) Дайте відповіді на такі запитання:

1. What is the role of engineers in the history of mankind?

2. What characteristics should an individual possess to become a good engineer?

Завдання 9 Перекладіть англійською мовою поданий нижче текст:

Що таке техніка? Якими шляхами вона розвивається? Давайте знайдемо відповіді на ці питання.

По – перше, ви повинні знати, що техніка почала своє існування багато століть тому. Ії розвиток поділяється на декілька періодів, які залежать від того, чим користувалися люди в той чи інший момент.

Перший період має назву "Кам’яний вік". У цю епоху люди використовували знаряддя, виготовлені з каменя, кісток тварин чи з дерева.

Наступний період – "Бронзовий вік", де люди змішували мідь з оловом, щоб мати міцніший метал – бронзу.

Третій період має назву "Залізний вік", де люди мали справу з залізом, за допомогою якого інструменти виготовлялися швидше.

Наступні періоди – "Доіндустріальна революція" і "Індустріальна революція" відрізнялися тим , що тоді з'являлися фабрики. Велика кількість винаходів внесла зміни в життя того часу.

Останній період має назву "Нещодавня історія". Він поділяється на епохи, назви яких відображають технічний розвиток кожної епохи. Таким чином, ми можемо сказати, що техніка не стоїть на місці.

Завдання 10 Складіть стислу доповідь на тему „Історія розвитку техніки, її місце в нашому житті та перспективи в майбутньому.”

(Обсяг доповіді 100 слів.)

УРОК 5

Завдання 1 Уважно прочитайте подані нижче слова та їх переклад. Запам’ятайте їх:

to give up	відмовитися	отказаться
to state	заявляти	заявлять
definition	визначення	определение
exact	точний	точный
requirement	вимога	требование
amount	кількість	количество
to explore	досліджувати	исследовать
source	джерело	источник
current	поточний	текущий
to evaluate	оцінювати	оценивать
particular	особливий, специфічний	специфический, особый
to choose	вибирати	выбирать
entire	повний, цілий	полный, весь
to fail	потерпати невдачу	потерпеть неудачу
slim	незначний, тонкий	незначительный, тонкий
right away	негайно	немедленно
price	ціна	цена
circuit	контур, ланцюг струму	контур, эл. цепь
to retrieve	повертати, відновлювати	восстанавливать, возвращать
from scratch	з самого початку	с самого начала
pure	чистий	чистый
strict	точний, вибагливий	точный, строгий
to guess	припускати	предполагать
trap	пастка	ловушка
set	добір	набор
to restrict	обмежувати	ограничивать
path	шлях, доріжка	путь
to investigate	розслідувати	расследовать
accident	нещасний випадок	несчастный случай
willing	охочий	усердный, готовый
to prove	доводити	доказывать

Завдання 2 Прочитайте та перекладіть подані нижче слова, ґрунтуючись на їх подібності до слів рідної мови:

strategy, parameter, detail, specific, to identify, resources, chance, review, cycle, experimentation, department, actually, supermarket, portable, microchip, silicon, component, part, hypothesis, to block smth.

Завдання 3 Прочитайте подані нижче словосполучення. Дайте їх еквіваленти рідною мовою:

a design brief, throughout life, problem statement, to state what the problem is in your own words, to take measurements, accurate notes, totally perfect, along with, problem solving cycle, final solution, basic research, applied research, supermarket pricing, electronic circuit, to start from scratch, to keep an open mind, by accident, to have smth. in common, to have investigating minds, proven facts, the same, the exact same.

Завдання 4 а) Проаналізуйте подані нижче групи однокореневих слів щодо їх форми, значення та належності до певної частини мови:

to state – statement – to restate – restatement

accurate – accuracy - accurately

to research – research – researcher

to solve – solution

to define – definition

to require – requirement

to explore – exploration - explorer

current – currently

to identify – identification

to review – review - reviewer

to choose – choice

to predict – prediction

to guess – guess

willing – willingness

to reason – reason – reasoning

to evaluate – evaluation

to fail – failure

to restrict – restriction

to proove – proof

perfect – to perfect - perfection

б) Перекладіть їх рідною мовою та доповніть таблицю словотворення:

NOUN	VERB	ADJECTIVE	ADVERB

Завдання 5 Уважно вивчить таблиці форм та функцій неособових форм дієслова.

Таблиця 1 - Неособові форми дієслова

1. INFINITIVE

VOICE TENSE	ACTIVE			PASSIVE	ДІЯ
INDEFINITE	to write to ask			to be written to be asked	одночасна
CONTINUOUS	to be writing to be asking			_____	одночасна у розвитку
PERFECT	to have written to have asked			to have been written to have been asked	попередня
PERFECT CONTINUOUS	to have been	}	writing asking	_____	попередня у розвитку

Продовження табл. 1

б) ING – forms

VOICE TENSE	ACTIVE			PASSIVE			ДІЯ
INDEFINITE	writing asking			being	{	written asked	одночасна
PERFECT	having	}	written asked	having been	{	written asked	попередня

в) PARTICIPLE II

СТАНДАРТНІ ДІЄСЛОВА	НЕСТАНДАРТНІ ДІЄСЛОВА
V + - ed asked	третя форма за таблицею нестандартних дієслів written

Таблиця 2 - Функції неособових форм дієслова

ФУНКЦІЯ	INFINITIVE	ING – форма	PARTICIPLE II
1	2	3	4
1) підмет	It was hard to solve this problem. To have your criticism now would be important.	Learning rules without examples is useless. It’s no use trying to repair this device.	______
2) частина присудка	He began to work as an engineer last year. He was to present his report at our meeting.	One of the quickest ways of travelling is going by plane. The effect of her words was terrifying.	This new motor will be used in our laboratory. The car has already done 200 miles today.
3) додаток	I’d like to ask him what this equation means. He finds it easy to understand this phenomenon.	We were right in thinking that the original structure dated back to some time before 1066. I should enjoy examining that at some time later.	______

1	2	3	4
4)означення	You must let me have time to consider your proposal. She was the first to come. There is nothing to speak about.	The problems being discussed at this conference are of great importance for the development of chemistry. It is a new and interesting way of working.	The used method was very important. The heat produced is equal to the work done to produce it.
5)обставина	To understand these principles one must know the Periodic Law. This device is used to measure the electric energy.	in, by, without; through, because of, far, for fear of, owing to; on, upon, after, before; in spite of; as if; if.	when, if, though
			Water becomes ice when cooled. If placed in different locations the weight of the body is different. Though invited he did not come
		Being asked the student answered perfectly well. Having finished his experiment, he compared the results. He achieved these results by raising the temperature. We understood the article without translating it.

Продовження табл.2

Завдання 6 Перекладіть рідною мовою подані нижче фрагменти речень, звертаючи увагу на неособові форми дієслова:

1. a challenging problem, problem – solving strategy, steps to follow, a plan for solving a problem, the first in solving a problem, information related to a problem, a simple question to ask, a big step toward solving the problem, the chances of your idea being perfect, applied research, a silicon chip containing thousands of electronic circuits, a reason for keeping an open mind, proven facts, a problem requiring full use of our knowledge, the promised proposition, problems caused by the advancement of technology, technology – related careers, decisions based on facts, the problems being solved, tools made of stone.

2. where to start, use it to solve all kinds of problems, how to use the plan, in trying to solve a problem, being able to say it, you need to explore ideas, the idea promised to be exciting and fun, to obtain the job you need to have experience, technology involves thinking and doing, testing your idea, taking measurements, evaluating what happened, gathering information, using this information, doing things is fun.

Завдання 7 Перекладіть речення рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на використання неособових форм дієслова. Майте на увазі, що правильність вибору способу передачі значення неособової форми рідною мовою залежить від правильності визначення функції цієї форми в реченні.

1. In the problem solving strategy, you spend a lot of time exploring ideas.

2. Someone may suggest an idea or invent something to solve a particular problem.

3. Research helps us gather information.

4. Basic research is gathering information that helps us understand things about the world around us.

5. Applied research is the kind of research done to solve a particular problem.

6. Basic and applied research use the same two methods to get information: gathering already – known information and experimenting.

7. Using already – known information saves time because you do not have to start from scratch every time.

8. Experimenting is like the testing part of your problem – solving strategy.

9. Research is also done by experimenting to find out how things work. This knowledge can then be used to change or improve technology that already exists.

10. Knowledge how to work in a group is an important skill.

11. Having people with different experiences and backgrounds in your group gives you more information to explore.

12. Some of us are better at testing out new ideas. Others are better at putting ideas into action.

13. You will have a chance to do both as part of a group.

14. When you brainstorm ideas, you list as many ideas as possible without people saying anything good or bad about any of them.

15. The abilities to work both independently and as part of a group are important to you in solving problems.

16. Sometimes people make excuses for not doing things by saying, "I'm just not creative."

17. You might have to break your usual rules for thinking or create some new ones when trying to make an idea work.

18. By doing this you allow yourself to question the possible, the impractical, and even the impossible.

19. Part of being creative is changing patterns, looking at things differently, and experimenting.

20. To improve your creativity even more, take a closer look at things you usually take for granted.

21. Only a few hundred of the thousands of human – made objects in space today are considered working spacecraft.

Завдання 8 Прочитайте текст, спробуйте якомога точніше зрозуміти і запам’ятати його зміст.