V. Переведите текст “Burns” со словарем.

Burns

Burns result from the application of too much heat to the skin. Scalds are caused by hot liquids or vapours. Burns are classified by extent, whether limited or extensive, and by degree. Any extensive burn, covering a large area of body surface, is serious, regardless of the degree. Shock and infection dangerously accompany large and deep burns. First-degree burns show redness of the unbroken skin; second-degree, skin blisters and some breaking of the skin; third-degree, destruction of the skin and underlying tissues; fourth-degree, more or less charring and blackening.

A serious burn demands immediate medical attention. Great progress has been made in recent years in saving the lives of severely burned people and restoring them to usefulness.

First-aid treatment of extensive burns should be kept as simple as possible. The victim should be kept warm and quiet, lying down with head slightly lowered. No meddling with the burned area should be attempted. A doctor should be summoned immediately and all treatment left to him.

Minor burns. Exclude air by applying petroleum ointment (white vaseline), a standard burn ointment, or even, if necessary, a vegetable shortening from the kitchen. Do not apply iodine or other antiseptics to burns; it makes matters worse.

All burns are potentially serious, and it is difficult to classify a “minor burn”. Even is the burned area is very small, the burn itself may be deep and medical attention advisable.

Занятие 17

Тема: Infectious Diseases. The Origin of Infection. Measles.

Грамматика: Subjunctive Mood (Revision).

Время изучения темы: 3 часа

Цель: Научиться переводить тексты по специальности; вести беседу на базе изученных текстов; осуществлять профессионально-ориентированное общение, пользуясь изученным лексико-грамматическим материалом

Задачи:

1) выучить и тренировать активную лексику

2) тренировать грамматические модели

3) тренировка навыков аналитического и информативного чтения, перевода, устного высказывания

4) научиться применять полученные знания на практике

I. Give brief summary of the text “Blood Groups”.

Blood Groups

Blood groups: blood types; classifications of blood according to certain clumping substances (agglutinins) in them. Everybody belongs to one blood group or another. There are many groupings, but the most important is the O, A, B, AB one. Next in practical importance is the Rh factor (резус-фактор) group.

The reason for blood grouping, or blood typing, lies in blood transfusion. If the donor’s blood does not match the recipient’s blood, serious and perhaps fatal reactions can occur. Specifically, the serum of an unmatched blood will cause the red blood cells of the other person to clump (слипаться) together (agglutinate). (Blood serum is blood plasma minus the clotting factor, fibrinogen.)

Before a blood transfusion is given, the blood of both recipient and donor must be typed and matched.

There are two principal clumping factors in human blood, now commonly designated as A and B. If a person has A factor in his red blood cells, he belongs to group A; B factor, group B; both factors, group AB; neither factor, group O. Since the red cells of group O blood are free from any agglutinating factors, group O blood can in an emergency be given to anyone.

Transfusion of blood has become commonplace in modern hospital and surgical practice. The fact that a patient gets a blood transfusion does not mean that he is dangerously ill or on the critical list.

Most blood transfusions today are indirect transfusions, that is, from blood stored under refrigeration in a hospital blood bank. To the blood given by the donor has been added a preservative, such as sodium citrate, that prevents clotting. The transfused blood is dripped into the vein of the recipient through a plastic or rubber tube and a hollow needle inserted into the vein. Arm veins are generally used because they are most accessible.

Transfusion today is safe and common because the blood of the donor is matched with the blood of the recipient.

II. Самостоятельная работа (Home Assignment)

Revision

1. Повторите лексический, текстовой и грамматический материал (занятие 14).

2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1) В каких предложениях употребляется сослагательное наклонение?

2) Какими способами передается сослагательное наклонение в английском языке?

3. Переведите следующие предложения:

1) If the patient had been infected with food poisons he would have suffered from acute abdominal pains.

2) It is necessary that the patient should be rehospitalized next week.

3) The physician suggested that a sufficient dose of vaccine should be injected subcutaneously.

4) It is important that diphtheria antitoxin treatment should contribute to the convalescence of the patient.

5) The patient was recommended to follow the treatment for another week lest chills and backache should recur.

4. Вставьте нужные по смыслу слова:

1) (Little, a little) blood is sufficient to carry out the clinical analysis.

2) If (many, much) leucocytes and rapid sedimentation rate are revealed the physician may suggest the presence of infection.

3) During the operation the surgeon noted that (much, many) of the peritoneum had been involved in the pathologic process.

5. 1) Прочтите текст “The Origin of Infection”. 2) Дайте определение 4-х групп инфекционных заболеваний. 3) Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

особый вид проникновения, во время кашля или разговора, в виде капель, различные предметы