5. The Ball of Paper

to jump (towards); to seize the form; to pull away; to crush the form into a ball of paper between one's hands; to let smth fly; to come to rest beside the coffin; to rush forward; to pay no attention to the cry of warning; to be blind to danger; to be deaf to reason; to pick up the ball of paper; to expose oneself to radiation; to be at a loss

6. Johnson Wrecks His Own Chances

to act without delay; to call up Health Physics; to feel sorry for smb; a painful sight; to notice smb touching the film-holder on the lapel; as if to make sure; to contain; a piece of photographic film; be­tween two sheets of lead with windows in the front one; to have the film developed; to tell the amount of radiation; a medical check-up; to be convinced of smth; not a fatal dose; to be a hundred to one (of the chances); to get away with it; not to permit smb to work with smth; to put oneself out of a job; to realize that all is lost; a heavy blow; to be hard hit by smth

Special difficulties

Ex. 17. Translate the following sentences using "what" or "that" ac­cording to the sense.

1 а) Я знаю, что он мог сказать, б) Я знаю, что он сказал прав­ду. 2. а) Главный инженер объяснил нам, что значит практический опыт. б) Главный инженер объяснил молодым специалистам, что опыт в их работе значит многое. 3. а) Я видел, что читала девушка, сидящая рядом со мной. б) Я видел, что она читала научный журнал. 4. а) Мы не могли догадаться, что беспокоило ребенка. б> Мы не зна­ли, что наше молчание очень беспокоило наших друзей. 5. а) Он продолжал отрицать то, что сказал накануне, б) Он продолжал отрицать, что сказал это.

Ex. 18. Translate the following sentences using phrases with "beyond".

1. За последние годы наш город изменился до неузнаваемости. 2. Такое замечательное произведение искусства ни с чем нельзя сравнить. 3. То, о чем вы меня просите, не в моей власти. 4. Мы без сомнения справимся с заданием в срок. 5. Радость, которую он испы­тывал в ту минуту, нельзя описать словами. 6. То, что вы говорите, недоступно их пониманию. 7. Цель, которую он наметил, была недосягаема. 8. Он полагал, что его действия вне подозрения. 9. Ва­ши часы уже нельзя починить. 10. То, что он предлагает, не уклады­вается в голове (не поддается разумному объяснению).

Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences using the verb "tell".

1. Вы можете определить расстояние отсюда до противоположного берега озера? 2. Я никогда не различаю братьев, они так похожи друг на друга, 3. По выражению его лица я понял, что он чем-то недо­волен. 4. Этого актера всегда можно узнать по голосу. 5. По вашим часам очень трудно определить время. Они очень маленькие.

Grammar exercises Modal Verbs

I. Must* (in the meaning of supposition of high probability)

Ex. 20. Study the meaning of the verb "must" and the tense relations expressed by the forms of the infinitive.

She must be about twenty five now. She went to school with my sister. It's five o'clock. He must be working in the garden. 3. Something must have hap­pened. He has never been late before. 4. The visitor is still here. He must have been waiting for an hour.

1. Должно быть, ей сейчас около двадцати пяти лет. Она училась в школе с моей сестрой. 2. Сейчас пять часов. Он, должно быть (вероятно), работает в саду. 3. Должно быть, что-то случилось. Он раньше никогда не опазды­вал. 4. Посетитель все еще здесь. Он ждет по всей вероятности уже час.

Ex. 21. Watch the meaning of the verb "must", translate the sentences into Russian.

1. (a) She must be very careful. The work at the laboratory is very dangerous, (b) She must be very careless if she left, forgetting to lock the flat. 2. (a) She must wait for us at the metro station, (b) She must be waiting for us at the metro station. 3. (a) The matter must be settled before his arrival, (b) The matter must have been settled before his de­parture. 4. (a) She must know nothing about it. It will only make her suffer, (b) She must know nothing about it, if she says the task is easy,

Ex. 22. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the infinitive.

1. The roofs and streets are wet. It must ... (to rain). 2. The book must ... worth reading if he has read it twice (to be). 3. The house must ••• in the middle ages. The walls are very thick and the windows narrow (to build). 4. We must ... a wrong turning. I don't recognize the road (to take). 5. Judging by the expression of his face he must ... by what he heard (.to impress). 6. Something serious must ... him (to delay). He should have been here at least an hour ago. 7. He must ... a lot if he was able to show such good results (to practise). 8. You must ... the answer by now (to guess). 9. She must ... with his rough manner, that's why she lost her temper (to be fed up). 10. She must... very unobserv­ant if she didn't notice the change in him (to be). 11. Judging by his story he must ... to many dangers and ... his life more than once (to expose; to risk). 12. She must ... the shock by now (to get over).

Ex. 23. Answer the following questions, using "must", mind the tense form of tlie infinitive.

M o d e l: Why didn't he come? (to be ill)

He must have been ill.

1. Why isn't he here? (to delay) 2. What would you say he is, judg­ing by his appearance? (to be a painter) 3. How old was he when he set out on his first expedition to the North? (thirty) 4. Why are they never seen together now? (to quarrel) 5. What's all that knocking in the next room? (to fix a shelf to the wall) 6. Where is she? (to wait for us at the entrance to the Museum) 7. How did he manage to arrive so soon? (to come by plane) 8. What accounts for their delay? (the fog) 9. Why didn't he join in the discussion of the problem? (to have no interest in the sub­ject) 10. Why is the photograph so pale? (the film; to expose to light) 11. Why was he so impolite? (to be annoyed with smb for disturbing him)

Ex. 24. Paraphrase the following sentences using "must".

1. It looks as if he were out of practice, that's why he lost the game. 2. I see a crowd of people before the door. No doubt something has hap­pened. 3. He has obviously been working at this Research Institute for a long time. Everybody seems to know him. 4. Evidently^* they were getting ready for another experiment. They wanted no strangers at the laboratory. 5. Obviously he was speaking from his own experience. He sounded very convincing. 6. Judging by the frosted windows the weather to-day is surely far from warm. 7. Evidently she was ashamed of her behaviour.

Ex. 25. Translate the following sentences using "must".

1. Вы, должно быть, только что вернулись из деревни. Вы пре­красно выглядите. 2. По всей вероятности он забыл, что раньше он придерживался другого мнения. 3. Я не думаю, чтобы он сердился на вас. Он, должно быть, был в плохом настроении. 4. Сейчас еще рано звонить ему. Вероятно он еще спит. 5. Какой прекрасный теле­визор. Должно быть вы за него много заплатили. 6. Ты, должно быть, очень голоден. Ведь ты не ел с утра. 7. Я плохо себя чувствую. У ме­ня, должно быть, температура. 8. Не случайно вас остановил мили­ционер. Вы, должно быть, превысили дозволенную скорость (лимит скорости). 9. Он, должно быть, давно болен. Он все время жаловался на плохое самочувствие. 10. Она, должно быть, задумалась и не заметила, как проехала свою остановку.

Ex. 26. Study how negation is expressed in the following sentences, trans­late them into Russian.

1. Nobody must have noticed him leave. 2. He must have left the door unlocked on purpose. 3. He thought that he must have taken the wrong train, because the names of the stations they were passing seemed unfamiliar. 4. The news must have never reached him. He never says a word about it. 5. He must have failed to see his mistake, for he didn't stop to correct it. 6. He must have refused the offer. 7. He denied having spoken to her on the subject. 8. He seemed to be a very quiet child. He must have given you no trouble at all. 9. They must have been unwilling to leave so early. 10. They treated our offer with sus­picion. They must have misunderstood our intentions. 11. Such a pos­sibility must have never occurred to him. 12. He must have failed to prove his point. 13. They must have missed the train. They had left too late.

Ex. 27. Change the following sentences making them opposite in mean­ing, make all other necessary changes.

1. The student must have given the right answer. The teacher was pleased. 2. Everybody must have noticed her turn pale. 3. He must have recognized me for he nodded my way. 4. She must have taken her­self in hand. She never said a word. 5. He must be very observant. He always notices a new dress when I have one. 6. He must have admitted the truth. 7. He must have kept his promise. 8. She must be very patient with children, they like her. 9. They must have caught the train.

Ex.. 28. Translate into English.

1. Должно быть, он не смог прийти в условленное время. 2. Долж­но быть, вы были несправедливы к нему. 3. Вероятно, ему не сооб­щили, что собрание перенесено. 4. Должно быть, вы не наблюдательны, если вы не заметили у нас никаких перемен. 5. Вероятно, он еще ни­чего не знает о своем новом назначении. 6. Должно быть, не удалось установить фактов и обсуждение вопроса было отложено. 7. Веро­ятно, на этот раз ему это не сошло с рук. 8. Цифры, должно быть, "е были проверены. Они вызвали большое сомнение. 9. Вероятно, он еще неопытен в решении таких вопросов. 10. Должно быть, не было смысла дожидаться его приезда. 11. Мои слова, должно быть, "е убедили его. Он продолжал спорить. 12. Должно быть, ему не Удалось доказать свою точку зрения. У него расстроенный вид.