19.5 Причастие (The Participle)

Причастие – неличная форма глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного или наречия с признаками глагола.

Таблица 5

	Participle I		Participle II
Indefinite	Active	Passive	changed
	changing	being changed
Perfect	having changed	having been changed

Translate into Russian paying attention to different forms of the Participle used as attributes

1. The moving wall of ice changes everything in its path. 2. Precipitation totalling more than 20 inches annually occurs mainly in the winter months in the Crimea. 3. Metamorphic rocks are the changed products of igneous or sedimentary rocks or other metamorphic rocks. 4. It has long been known that Venus has an atmosphere, a solid layer of clouds concealing its surface.5. The atmosphere maintains a state of approximate balance whereby the amount of heat given off by radiation is about equal to the amount received. 6. He spoke about the experiments being carried on at the polar stations. 7. The polar station being built on the island is of great importance.

Translate into Russian paying attention to different forms of the Participle used as adverbial modifier

1. Making its way down the valley, the river cuts through rocks of different resistance. 2. Beginning in Asia Minor, a chain of mountains runs eastward to northwestern India.3. Writing his thesis on the exploration of Siberia he used the material of many expeditions. 4. Korea is rich in minerals including iron, coal, copper and silver. 5. Situated on a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the sea, Rio de Janerio has one of the world’s finest harbours. 6. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape. 7. Being situated on the south-western section of the sea, the Murman coast is ice-free throughout the year. 8. Being drained by five rivers the soil of the Ukraine is very fertile. 9. Having reached the depth of 15,000 feet we began to examine the drill cuttings.

19.6 Независимый причастный оборот

(The Absolute Participle Construction)

Независимый причастный оборот – это сочетание существительного в общем падеже (или местоимения в именительном падеже) с Participle I или Participle II, в котором существительное (или местоимение) выполняют роль подлежащего по отношению к причастию и не является подлежащим всего предложения.

На русский язык переводится, как правило, придаточным предложением с союзами так как, когда, если, после того как (независимый причастный оборот находится в начале предложения) и с союзами а, и, причем, но (независимый причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения).

The weather being fine, we went for a walk.

He works hard to pass his examination, his sister doing her best to help him.

Translate into Russian paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction

1. Certain volcanoes throw out very little solid matter, their products being molten lavas. 2. The slopes of the main ridge are forested, conifers predominating in the north and deciduous in the south. 3. The southern part of the Crimea being protected by mountains from the cold wind of the steppes, the climate is mild enough to grow vines. 4. The forests having been cleared, farming became one the principle occupation of the people of this area.

Compare grammar constructions in each pair of sentences

1. New specimens having been secured, the scientists sorted them. Having secured new specimens the scientists sorted them. 2. The drill cuttings having been examined, we could determine the nature of the rock. Having examined the drill cuttings we could determine the nature of the rock. 3. The students having been shown some specimens, the teacher began his lecture. Having shown some specimens to the students the teacher began his lecture.