19.9 Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject)

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот – это конструкция, выраженная существительным в общем падеже или местоимением в именительном падеже с инфинитивом.

Asia is known to be four times the size of Europe.

Translate into Russian pointing out the Subjective Infinitive Constructions

1. The air is known to extend about 200 miles above the earth. 2. All glaciers around the Northern Atlantic coast are reported to be shrinking. 3. The surface of the sun is estimated to have a temperature of more than 10,000 F. 4. Changes in atmosphere pressure appear to have some effect on animals. 5. Greater solar activity seems to produce lower earth temperatures. 6. The importance of radiation in the ablation process seems to increase with decreasing latitude. 7. Heat and cold are believed to be distributed by ocean currents over thousands of miles. 8. Volcanic actions are known to cause great distractions especially in the near-by areas. 9. This discovery is considered to be of great importance to geographers.

19.10 Объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object)

Объектный инфинитивный оборот – это сочетание имени существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже с инфинитивом.

Gravitation makes water run down a hill.

Translate into Russian pointing out the Objective Infinitive Constructions

1. We know the earth’s crust to be constantly changing. 2. The teacher wanted the students to make this experiment at once. 3. The students expected him to explain them different hypotheses of the earth’s early history. 4. Cooling causes the surface layers of the rocks to contact. 5. Subtropical climate enables the farmers to grow two crops each year. 6. Moulten and Chamberlain believed the earth and other planets to have come originally from the sun.

19.11 Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)

Таблица 7

Тип предложения. Степень реальности условия	Время, к которому относится условие	Главное предложение	Придаточное предложение
1	2	3	4
I. Реальное, вероятное	Настоящее, будущее, прошедшее	He will go to the country… Он поедет за город,…	if the weather is fine. Если погода будет хорошей.
II. Маловероятноe, почти нереальное	Настоящее, будущее	He would go to the country… Он поехал бы за город,…	if the weather were fine. Если бы погода была хорошей. (сегодня, завтра)
III. Невероятное, нереальное	Прошедшее	He would have gone to the country… Он поехал бы за город,…	if the weather had been fine. Если бы погода была хорошей. (вчера)

Translate into Russian, paying attention to Conditional Clauses

1. If the air is warmed it will rise and expand. 2. Trees will not thrive in dry regions unless they grow along the banks of streams. 3. If the earth were flat the sun would be visible at all places on the earth’s surface at the same time – directly it appears above the horizon. 4. It would be very difficult if every town in a country had its own time. 5. Were there no atmosphere the temperature of the earth would soar to over 200 ⁰F in the day-time and drop to around - 300 ⁰ at night. 6. If all the atmospheric moisture were precipitated it would create a layer averaging only one inch in depth over the entire globe. 7. By reconstructing the (now eroded) folds, it is evident that ranges would have towered 20,000 to 25,000 feet above the sea if there had been no erosion. 8. Were the earth-spheroid a homogeneous ball, the value of gravity would be the same for all points in the same latitude. 9. If the scientists had found the ways to predict earthquakes, it would have been possible to evacuate people from these regions.