- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •V erbals
- •V erbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •T o stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •T o prefer
- •T o be afraid
- •C annot help
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive can be introduced by a conjunction or preposition. In this function the attribute can be expressed by a conjunctive infinitive phrase with the following conjunctions:
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Group 1. Verbs of seeming or chancing with the general meaning of evaluation
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To like
- •T o remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •T o prefer
- •T o be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •T o intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Completed action
Active |
Passive |
‘to’ non-perfect active infinitive |
‘to’ non-perfect passive infinitive |
Don was seen to water the flowers. = Видели, что Дон полил цветы. / Бачили, що Дон полив квіти. |
The flowers were seen to be watered. = Видели, что цветы полили. / Бачили, що квіти полили. |
Action in progress
Active |
Passive |
Participle I - non-perfect active |
Participle I - non-perfect passive |
Don was seen watering the flowers. = Видели, как Дон поливал цветы. / Бачили, як Дон поливав квіти. |
The flowers were seen being watered. = Видели, как цветы поливали. / Бачили, як квіти поливали. |
Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
a nominal element + a passive notional verb + any form of ‘to’ infinitive
The following notional verbs are used in this construction:
to think |
to believe |
to expect |
to consider |
to suppose |
to know |
to find |
to suspect |
to mean |
to discover |
to regard |
to presume |
to understand |
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The manuscript was supposed to have been lost last century. = Полагали, что рукопись была потеряна в прошлом веке. / Думали, що рукопис був загублений у минулому столітті.
Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
Only ‘to infinitive’ is used after these verbs, e.g.
Max is supposed to be leaving tonight. = Полагают, что Макс уезжает сегодня вечером. / Думають, що Макс їде сьогодні ввечері.
In this function, all forms of infinitive can be used.
Linda is believed to be a talented actress. = Линду считают талантливой актрисой. / Лінду вважають талановитою актрисою.
Her father was thought to have died long ago. = Полагали, что его отец умер давно. / Думали, що його батько вмер давно.
Sentences with this construction are translated into Russian or Ukrainian as impersonal sentences or passive constructions, e.g.
The train was expected to arrive according to the timetable. = Ожидали, что поезд прибудет по расписанию. / Очікували, що поїзд прибуде за розкладом.
Group 4. Verbs of reporting
a nominal element + a passive notional verb + any form of ‘to’ infinitive
The following notional verbs are used in this construction:
to report |
to announce |
to declare |
to say |
to state |
Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
Only ‘to infinitive’ is used after these verbs, e.g.
John was announced to be the winner. = Джона объявили победителем. / Джона оголосили переможцем.
In this function, all forms of infinitive can be used, e.g.
Professor Brown is said to have returned at last. = Говорят, что профессор Браун, наконец, вернулся. / Кажуть, що професор Браун, нарешті, повернувся.
Do you hear? Their plane is announced to be landing right this minute! = Ты слышишь? Объявляют, что их самолет как раз в эту минуту приземляется! / Ти чуєш? Повідомляють, що їхній літак саме в цю мінуту приземляється!
Sentences with this construction are translated into Russian or Ukrainian as impersonal sentences or passive constructions, e.g.
Joanne K. Rowling is reported to have been invited to Buckingham Place. – Сообщается, что Джоан К. Роулинг пригласили в Букингемский дворец. / Повідомляється, що Джоан К. Роулінг запросили до Букінгемського палацу.
Group 5. Verbs of inducement, compulsion and permission
a nominal element + a passive notional verb + ‘to’ infinitive (NPA)
The following notional verbs are used in this construction:
to make |
to let |
to allow |
to force |
to press |
to induce |