Контрольна робота № 3 Щоб правильно виконати контрольну роботу № 3, необхідно засвоїти такі розділи граматики англійської мови:

1. Граматичні функції слів it, that, one.

2. Пасивний стан (The Passive Voice). Форми дієслів у пасивному стані (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect).

3. Функції дієслів to be, to have, to do.

4. Інфінітив та його функції.

5. Наказ та прохання за допомогою дієслова to let.

ВАРІАНТ I

1. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів.

1. I don’t like this book. Give me another one.

2. One never knows what his answer may be.

3. This radio set is better than that one.

4. Here are two books. Which one would you like?

5. I like this pencil, but I dislike the others.

2. Перепишіть наступні речення, визначте в кожному з них час і стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення рідною мовою.

1. I said that I have been writing the letter for an hour.

2. I shall have translated the article by six o’clock.

3. The plan had been discussed for two hours when he came.

4. When I came home, my mother told me that a friend of mine had called on me half an hour before.

5. We were shown a new film yesterday.

3. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх рідною мовою, пам’ятаючи про різні значення дієслів to be, to have, to do.

1. Do you have to leave so early?

2. Don’t you remember my birthday party, do you?

3. I was to meet my friend at 5 o’clock yesterday?

4. She will do it herself.

5. She will have written this composition by ten o’clock.

4. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на функцію інфінітива, герундія і дієприкметника в реченні.

1. I like to check my work carefully before I hand it on.

2. Melanie is very keen on riding.

3. He saw an empty shop while walking around town one day.

4. I’d like to lie on the beach today. It’s too hot to do anything else.

5. The fireman prevented the fire from spreading.

6. I’m tired of studing I need a rest.

7. Tom would love to have his own flat.

8. Thank you for being so helpful the other day.

8. 5. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу, як у них передається наказ або прохання за опомогою дієслова to let.

1. Let me accompany you to your car.

2. Let’s start this work right now.

3. Let them answer this letter.

6. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст рідною мовою.

Modern scientific and technological progress has raised a complicated problem of the social responsibility of scientists. Here far are scientists responsible for the application of their work? If they are how can they best fulfil this responsibility? What is the ethics of scientific exploration, how is it related to the universal ethical socio-ethic control of research referring to man, the justification for a moratorium on some fields of research threatening man and the entire mankind. Is such control possible in whatever form? Will it not restrict the freedom of research? How is this freedom related to the social and humanistic responsibility of scientists and technologists?

The very fact that these specific problems are raised at all levels with increasing clarity shows the dissatisfaction with the idea that science is a self-contained and absolute value, a sphere of unadulterated knowledge independent of all other values of humanity and above them.

Scientists are realizing more clearly the indisputable fact that their social responsibility, the role of the ethical principle in science should grow in geometrical progression, if mankind and science itself are to develop at least in arithmetic progression. The ethics of science is being asserted as a sine qua non of effective performance of humanisticoriented scientific research. There are no alternative to this either for science or for humanity.

In mastering nuclear energy man has developed a power which, unless controlled by his intellect, could extinguish life and snuff out our planet’s blue glow. This idea is convincingly proved by the disaster at the Chornobyl atomic power station in Ukraine. Such accidents take place from lack of knowledge in the fields of natural and technical sciences or from lack of consciousness about the negative consequences of the application of the scientific and technological innovations.

In the event of war, the last lines of civilization’s history will be written in thermonuclear ink.

So it is not without reason that modern science is compared to Pandora’s box. Indeed, its eternal curiosity compels mankind to learn what is there beyond the Pillars of Hercules. But has mankind enough common sence, social responsibility and self-control to resist the temptation of dangerous curiosity? This is, in effect, a life-and-death question for mankind.

Science and technology by themselves are not a source of ethics and values. They can tell you what will happen if you do this or that: for instance, how many people might be killed by a nuclear bomb. But the decision on whether to develop the bomb cannot be a scientific decision. This can only be judged by something outside science-ethics. Scientists and technologists should be aware of the consequences of their discoveries, projects.

Hence the crucial importance is attached today to the problem of socioethical control of science with a view to its humanistic orientation and development as a science for man. We need a new ethics and it must be many-sided. The belief that only one idea is true is tremendously dangerous. If you have only one way of looking at the world you abuse it. The new ethics must recognize that there are many ways out of the human predicament, which present different aspects of the same situation.

Only on the basis of such an ethical attitude can we solve the problems which threaten the world today – the destruction of the environment, drugs, AIDS, totalitarism. It is our duty to share a better world for all of us here on Earth.

6. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. What problems appear in connection with the scientific and technological progress?

2. Are these problems easy to solve?

3. How is the freedom for research related to the social and humanistic responsibility of scientists and technologists?

4. Is science independent of all other values of humanity and does it stands above them?

7. Напишіть короткий зміст тексту.

8. Випишіть 3 речення з граматичними формами у пасивному стані.

9. Складіть словник-мінімум до тексту.

ВАРІАНТ II

1. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів.

1. One must always keep one’s word.

2. This radio set is better than that.

3. It’s time to go home.

4. One should be carefull when crossing the street.

5. It’s high time you realized that you’re not the most important person in the world.

2. Перепишіть наступні речення, визначте в кожному з них час і стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення рідною мовою.

1. We ate a lot yesterday but we haven’t had much so far today.

2. You’ve been smoking too much recently. You should smoke less.

3. Linda is from Australia. Now she is travelling round Europe.

4. Sorry I ‘m late. The car had broken down on my way here.

5. Jim didn’t know about the change of plans. He hadn’t been told.

3. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх рідною мовою, пам’ятаючи про різні значення дієслів to be, to have, to do.

1. Don’t forget to switch off the light.

2. I shall have translated the article by ten o’clock.

3. He doesn’t remember the rule, does he?

4. The goods are to be delivered next week.

5. You are to come in time.

4. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на функцію інфінітива, герундія і дієприкметника в реченні.

1. She is afraid of bathing here.

2. How to do it is the question.

3. I remember seeing him somewhere.

4. Knowing English well, he was able to translate the article without any difficulty.

5. Not having seen her for many years, he did not recognize her at first.

6. He teaches her to sing.

7. This is for you to decide this question.

8. I’ll write down his telephone number in order not to forget it.