- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Sillabus
- •1. Data for teachers
- •2. Data on discipline
- •5. Brief description of the discipline
- •6. Content of the discipline 6.1. List of lectures
- •7. Schedule of the tasks and surrender of discipline «Economic theory" for students independent work
- •Basic literature:
- •8. References The laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Letters (Message) of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Regulations rk
- •Additional literature:
- •9. Course policy
- •10. Information on the assessment of knowledge
- •Scheme of assessment of knowledge on the discipline
- •Tentative map Assessment of the students exam
- •2. Glossary
- •3. A short course of lectures
- •1.1 Economic needs, economic benefits and economic resources.
- •1.2 The subject of economic theory
- •1.3 Methods and functions of economic theory
- •Theme 2. Fundamentals of social production
- •2.1 The bases of social production
- •2.2 Structure of social production
- •2.3 Economic Systems. Types of economic systems
- •1. The traditional economic system
- •2. Command and administration economy system
- •3. Market economic system
- •4. Mixed system
- •3.1 Economic and legal content property
- •The system of property relations
- •Fig. 1. The structure of ownership
- •4.1 The forms of social economy. Commodity economy
- •4.2 The nature and function of the market
- •Invariant category that has general economic features inherent to any commodity production.
- •4.3 Origin, nature and function of money
- •4.4 The essence of entrepreneurship and its feature
- •5.1 Demand. Factors determining the demand. The law of supply
- •5.2 Supply. Factors determining the sentence. The law of Supply
- •5.3 Interaction of supply and demand market equilibrium
- •5.3 Elasticity and its types
- •Elastic demand
- •5.4 The theory of consumer behavior
- •6.1 The essence of competition. The theory of perfect and imperfect competition
- •1. On the market at the same time there are many firms, each of which occupies a small share of the market
- •2. Homogeneity of products
- •3. Freedom of entry and exit from the industry
- •4. There fairness information
- •6.2 Theory of monopoly
- •Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- •6.3 Antitrust and competition policy
- •7.1 The reproduction process of capital
- •7.2 Basic and working capital
- •Scheme 1. Factors of self-financing
- •Incease in profits
- •7.3 Investment as a source of financing of productive assets
- •Theme 8. Costs and revenues of the enterprise (company)
- •8.1 Nature and types of costs
- •8.2 Revenue and its types
- •8.3 Profit and its role in the development of the company
- •9.1 Peculiarities the demand for resources
- •9.2 Labor market and wage
- •9.3 Capital markets and interest rates
- •Fig. 16. Demand for capital Fig. 17. Supply of capital
- •9.4 The land market. Land rent
- •10.1 The national economy as a system
- •10.2 System of National Accounts
- •10.3 The macroeconomic indicators and methods of calculation
- •Methods of measuring gnp
- •The calculation of gnp expenditure
- •Calculating gnp by revenue
- •The calculation of gnp "value added"
- •Theme 11. Macroeconomic equilibrium
- •11.1 Macroeconomic equilibrium and its characteristics
- •11.2 Model employment resources
- •12.1 Cyclical nature of the market economy
- •12.2 The Economic cycle and its variants
- •12.3 The concept of economic growth the measurement
- •Types and factors of economic growth
- •Theme 13. Unemployment and inflation are both manifestations of economic instability
- •13.1 Essence and basic forms of unemployment
- •13.2 The effect of unemployment rate on the value of gnp. Okun's Law
- •13.3 Inflation and its causes
- •14.1 Concept and types of monetary systems
- •14.2 The demand for money and money supply
- •14.3 The structure of the financial system
- •14.4 State budget and public debt
- •14.5 Principles and forms of taxation
- •14.6 International relations: the nature, form
- •4. Assignments for practical classes and self-study Theme 1. Subject and method of economics (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 2. Fundamentals of social production (1 hour)
- •1. As played wealth?
- •2. The goods are different from the natural product?
- •3. Economic Geography
- •4. Find the right answer
- •5. Graphic problem.
- •1. Questions about the nature of the property
- •6. The concept of "services" and "intangible benefits"
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 3. Property relations and their role in the economy (1 hour)
- •7. What is true and false?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 4. Foundations of a market economy and business activities (1 hour)
- •1. Gogol about the farm landowners Plyushkin
- •6. Adventures scientist w. Cameron
- •7. Find the right answer
- •8. Function of money
- •9. The design task
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 5. Fundamentals of the theory of supply and demand (2 hours)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 6. Competition and Monopoly (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 7. Circuit and the circulation of capital (funds) of enterprise (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 8. Expenses and income of the company (the company) (1 hour)
- •8. All the profit goes to a businessman?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 9. Factor markets and formation of factor income (1 hour)
- •Theme 10. The national economy as a system (1 hour)
- •2. The table presents the nominal and real gdp over the period 1999 to 2003
- •3. By the terms of the left hand column find the definition in the right column.
- •4. True-false:
- •5. Does Kazakhstan's gdp this article? If not, why not? If so, then the calculation of expenditure and revenue and in what specific section?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 11. Macroeconomic equilibrium (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •1. Right - wrong:
- •2. Activation of the human factor
- •4. Types of intensification of production.
- •Theme 13. Unemployment and inflation as a manifestation of economic instability (1 hour)
- •2. Economic challenge.
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 14. The main directions of economic policy (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •5. Questions for the interim control for the subject "Economic Theory"
- •5. 1 Questions for the 1-st interim control
- •5.2 Questions for the 2nd interim control
- •6. Tests to consolidate students' knowledge
- •References
14.3 The structure of the financial system
The education system and the use of funds of resources involved in ensuring the reproduction process and is finance society. Set of economic relations that arise between the state, enterprises and organizations, sectors, territories and individuals in relation to the movement of funds, constitute a financial relationship. They are complex, diverse, and resemble the circulatory system of a living organism, through which the movement of goods and services, a kind of metabolism between the economic cell of the social organism. The structure of the financial system includes various links: state and local budgets, finance companies and organizations, various monetary funds, tax and customs systems, pension fund etc.
Policy of state revenues and expenditures, regulatory demand to affect unemployment and inflation, is called fiscal policy. Its essence lies in the mobilization of funds, distribution, redistribution and use to achieve social and economic goals. The role of the financial system is that, with the help of financial relationships to influence the rates and proportions of socio-economic development. Such influence through financial and credit mechanism in two ways - financial security (the state budget), financial management (tax system).
14.4 State budget and public debt
State budget - is the main financial plan with the revenues and expenditures of the state for a certain period of time, it is money that allows the state to function. Here are the money is already in their natural functions as a medium of exchange or payment. But before we get to that final link, they are formed and serve the totality of economic relations and economic relations.
The state budget is the budget of the government and local budgets (region, city, district, village council). Therefore, approval of the state budget for the next year is always stormy. Governments are trying to undermine the rights of regions, and the latter tend to leave more money in their possession.
The budget consists of two parts: income and expenses. In countries with a developed market economy, budget revenues by 80-90% is formed by taxes on enterprises and the public.
The rest of it comes from the use of state-owned foreign trade. The structure of the budget expenditure includes expenditure on social and cultural needs (health, education, social benefits, etc.), the cost of development of the economy, defense, public administration. Redistributed through the state budget a large part (55%) of the national income of industrialized countries.
State budget expenditures serve as political, social and economic regulation.
In the socially-oriented economy a significant place in the expenditure of the state budget deal with social stories: special benefits, education, health, etc. This reflects the main objective of fiscal policy - stabilization, development and adaptation of the existing socio - economic system to changing conditions. As the costs of domestic needs are usually identified budget subsidies to agriculture.
Government debt - the sum accumulated in the country over a period of budget deficits, net of accumulated budget surplus, the surplus. The term "public debt" applies only to government debt obligations, debt of local authorities are not included in it.
Internal and foreign (external) debt. Feature of the internal debt is the fact that citizens are borrowing from ourselves, becoming at the same time as tax debtors. Moreover, giving the government loan money, not all the charges against him to return with debt. To pay the interest the government uses taxes paid by all. A percent of the recipients are some of the most wealthy citizens - holders of bonds of government loans. As a result of problems in the distribution of national income. If government borrowing not spent on investment and consumption, that is eaten away, the situation will grow much worse (curtailment of investment projects, cuts in social spending, worsening social conflicts).
External debt is formed by borrowing from the State Governments and organizations abroad. This type of debt is the most onerous, because his service (the conditions for obtaining and maturity dates, interest rates) are more stringent and require more guarantees (political services, issuance of international securities, resource provision).