- •Д.А. Арипова
- •Information Technologies: Development and Perspectives
- •Isbn © Иркутский государственный
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit I Computer Essentials
- •1. In pairs, discuss these questions.
- •2. Read the text and then explain Figure 1 in your own words. What Is a Computer?
- •4. Listen to an extract and label the pictures (a-e) with words from the box.
- •5. Listen again and decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •6. Look at the help box and then use suitable classifying expressions to complete these sentences.
- •Different types of computer
- •Central Processing Unit
- •9. In pairs describe this scheme, using words and expressions from the text.
- •10. Read the text more carefully and answer the following questions:
- •11. Give English equivalents for:
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •12. Revise the meaning of new words from the text above. Give Russian equivalents for the expressions with them. Use them in your own sentences.
- •13. Look at the help box and then complete the sentences below with suitable relative pronouns. Give alternative options if possible. Put brackets round the relative pronouns you can leave out.
- •14. Read the text. Point out the main components of the cpu: The cpu Main Components
- •15. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •16. Give English equivalents for:
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •17. Revise the meaning of new words from the text above. Give Russian equivalents for the expressions with them. Use them in your own sentences.
- •18. Give synonyms to the following words:
- •Your Ideal Computer System
- •20. In pairs, describe your ideal computer system. Give reasons for your choices.
- •21. Render the following:
- •Unit II
- •Input / Output Devices
- •5. Listen again and complete the extract from the conversation:
- •6. Look at the language functions in the help box and then correct one mistake in each of these sentences. Decide which functions are being expressed in each sentence.
- •Buying a Computer
- •7. Work in pairs. One of you wants to buy a computer, the other is the shop assistant. Use the prompts and product descriptions below to role play the conversation.
- •Input-Output Environment
- •10. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •11. Give English equivalents for:
- •Interacting with Your Computer
- •12. Listen to a computer technician describing three input devices. Write which devices he’s talking about.
- •13. Listen again and complete these extracts:
- •15. In pairs, choose one of these input devices and describe its functions and features. Try to guess which device your partner is describing.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •16. Revise the meaning of new words. Give Russian equivalents for the expressions with them. Use them in your own sentences.
- •18. Revise Infinitive forms. Explain the use of Infinitive and translate sentences into Russian:
- •Input Devices
- •20. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •21. Give English equivalents for:
- •Output Devices. Printers
- •24. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •25. Give English equivalents for:
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •26. Revise the meaning of new words from the text above. Give Russian equivalents for the expressions with them. Use them in your own sentences.
- •27. Explain the use of Complex Subject construction and translate sentences into Russian:
- •28. Suggest the title of the text that follows. Summarize the key information:
- •30. Look at the help box and then use suitable suffixes to make adjectives or nouns from these words. In some cases, you can make more than one word. Use a dictionary to help you.
- •31. Complete these sentences with the word in brackets and one of these noun suffixes: -tion, -er, -ing, -logy, -ness. Use a dictionary to help you.
- •32. Look at the help box and then complete these health and safety guidelines with should/shouldn’t.
- •33. In pairs, practice giving advice about how to use a monitor safely using should/shouldn’t or It’s a good/bad idea to… Look at these guidelines for help.
- •35. Listen to Tony Clark, an expert in computer ergonomics, talking to some office workers about health and safety. What health problems associated with computer use do the office workers mention?
- •36. Listen again and complete these extracts:
- •37. Match the extracts above (1-6) with the correct parts of the diagram (a-f).
- •Unit III Storage Devices
- •Storage Devices
- •2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •3. Give English equivalents for:
- •4. Translate sentences with Participle I, Participle II, Perfect Participle Active and Perfect Participle Passive into Russian:
- •5. In pairs, discuss what you should or shouldn’t do to protect your data. Use the suggestions below.
- •Word Building
- •6. Look at the words in the boxes. Are they nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs? Write n, V, ad] or adv next to each word and then complete the sentences below.
- •12. Read the text and find the following:
- •Optical Discs and Drives
- •13. Read the text again and make notes about the features of cDs, dvDs and Blu-ray discs:
- •14. Look at these extracts from the text and put the words in italics into the correct column of the table:
- •15. Look at the help box and check your answers. How do you say these connectors in your language?
- •16. Choose the correct word in brackets to complete these sentences:
- •17. In pairs, look at the products in the computer catalogue and choose the most suitable device for the purposes (1 -6). Give reasons for your choices. Try to use some connectors from the help box:
- •18. Summarize the key information of the following text:
- •19. Read the text one more time and answer the following questions:
- •Unit IV Basic Software
- •Gui Operating Systems
- •2. Look at the help box and decide if these nouns are countable, uncountable or either, depending on the context. Write c, u, or с and u.
- •3. Complete this text with a, an, the or nothing:
- •4. Summarize the text gui Operating Systems in 90-100 words. Follow these steps:
- •Data Processing and Data Processing Systems
- •6. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •7. Give English equivalents for:
- •8. Give Russian equivalents for:
- •9. Listen to two friends, Anna and Ben, talking about how to move text in Word. How many steps are involved in carrying out the Cut and Paste task?
- •10. Listen again and complete the dialogue.
- •11. Look at the help box and then correct six mistakes in this dialogue.
- •12. Complete these instructions for how to Copy and Paste in Word with verbs from the box.
- •Databases
- •14. Complete these statements about databases using information from the text.
- •15. In pairs, discuss what fields you would include in a database for your music collection.
- •17. Find non-finite verb forms and translate sentences into Russian.
- •18. Transform modal verbs into their modal equivalents a) in the past; b) in the future.
- •19. Read the text and match the headlines (a-d) with the paragraphs (1-4).
- •20. Complete the sentences in accordance with the information in the text above.
- •22. Look at the help box and then complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •23. In pairs, discuss these questions. Use the second conditional.
- •Programming
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text. Explain the meaning of the term «Computer programming». Computer Programming
- •2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •3. Give English equivalents for:
- •Active Vocabulary
- •4. Read the text. Explain the meaning of the term «Programming language». Programming Languages
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Give English equivalents for:
- •7. Find in the texts «Computer Programming» and «Programming Languages» synonyms to the given words:
- •8. These statements about Java are all false. Read the text and correct them.
- •The Java Language
- •9. Match the terms (1-5) with the definitions (a-e).
- •10. Read the text «Types of Errors» and answer the questions:
- •Types of Errors
- •11. Give a loose translation of the extracts:
- •1.The conversion of symbolic languages
- •2.Running the computer program
- •3.Testing the computer program
- •Unit VI The Internet and the Web
- •Internet faQs
- •1. Read Part 1 of the Internet faQs and choose the correct answers.
- •Internet faQs: Part 1
- •3. Find words and phrases in Part 2 with the following meanings.
- •Internet faQs: Part 2
- •4. Read the article and mark the sentences t (true) or f (false).
- •The Internet
- •5. Find in the text words and acronyms with the same meaning:
- •7. Complete the sentences with words from the text «The Internet».
- •8. Render the following text. A Typical Web Page
- •9. Explain given words and word expressions:
- •10. Read the text «Research on the Internet» and choose the correct variant.
- •Research on the Internet
- •11. What instructions are to be included in order to successfully find information in the Internet?
- •12. Find terms in the text with the following meanings:
- •13. Read the text «Web Page Design» and mark the sentences t (true) or f (false).
- •Web Page Design
- •14. Read the text again and find the following.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with the following words and expressions:
- •16. Match the sentence beginnings (1-6) with the correct endings (a-f).
- •17. In pairs, think about your favourite websites and discuss these questions.
- •18. Listen to an interview with a web designer describing how to design a website and put these steps into the correct order.
- •Unit VII
- •Internet Communications
- •1. Read the article and find websites for the following tasks.
- •Tour the Collectives of Cyberspace
- •2. Read the article again and match the sentence beginnings (1-5) with the correct endings (a-e).
- •9. Listen to two extracts from a monthly podcast called Money Matters. What is each speaker talking about?
- •11. Look at the help box and then complete these sentences.
- •Virtual Meetings
- •15. Read the text again and answer these questions.
- •16. Find terms in the text with the following meanings.
- •17. Define the term «netiquette».
- •18. Read the text and match the headlines (a-d) with the paragraphs (1-4).
- •19. Choose polite and impolite actions in writing Emails.
- •20. Complete the sentences with one of the words in bold.
- •21. In pairs, do this netiquette quiz.
- •22. Have you ever experienced bad netiquette? Tell your partner what happened.
- •23. Rewrite this im chat using abbreviations.
- •25. In pairs, discuss these questions. Give reasons for your answers.
- •Unit VIII
- •Internet Security
- •2. Read the text and answer these questions.
- •Security and Privacy on the Internet
- •3. Read the text and answer these questions.
- •The History of Hacking
- •4. In pairs, discuss which of the cases you had heard of. Which do you think is the most important?
- •5. In small groups, look at the list of cybercrimes and discuss these questions.
- •6. Write a summary of your discussion on PowerPoint and present it to the rest of the group.
- •7. Render the text.
- •8. Answer the following questions.
- •9. Answer in writing:
- •10. Look at the help box. How do you make the passive in your language? How different is it to English?
- •11. Read the article and underline all the examples of the passive. What tenses are they?
- •12. Complete these sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit IX New Technologies – Computers Today and Tomorrow
- •1. Match it jobs (a-g) with their definitions (1-7).
- •2. Complete these definitions with jobs from the box.
- •4. Discuss if you would like to apply for one of the jobs. Give reasons for your answers.
- •5. Look at the help box. Do you have the equivalent of phrasal verbs in your language? How do you say the phrasal verbs in the help box?
- •6. Complete these sentences with the correct form of a phrasal verb from the help box.
- •7. Match the questions (1-6) with the answers (a-f).
- •8. In pairs, discuss these questions.
- •9. Read the texts and answer these questions.
- •10. Find words in the texts with the following meanings.
- •11. Look at the help box and then choose the correct words in brackets to complete these sentences.
- •12. Complete these sentences with the correct future form of the verb in brackets. Use the future continuous or future perfect.
- •13. In pairs, discuss these predictions. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answers.
- •14. Write your own predictions about these topics.
- •16. Look at this web extract about e-publishing. What examples of e-publishing can you find in the text?
- •18. Debate your ideas. Which team has the most convincing position? Acronyms and Abbreviations
- •Audioscripts
- •Sources of information
13. In pairs, discuss these predictions. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answers.
1. Someday, we’ll be talking to computers naturally, like friends.
2. Microchips implanted in our arms will serve as ID cards and contain our medical records.
3. Robots will learn to build themselves, without human help.
4. Smart homes will be voice-activated.
5. Computers will be ubiquitous and aim invisible, embedded into our homes and integrated into our lives.
Writing
14. Write your own predictions about these topics.
• Work /Jobs
Example: By the year 2030, human labour in industry will have been replaced by robots.
Your prediction: ___________________________________________________
• Money
Example: Cash will be replaced by electronic money.
Your prediction: ________________________________________________
• Education
Example: By the end of this century, every student in every school will have a PC.
Your prediction: _________________________________________________
• The Internet
Example: People in every country will have high-speed access to the Internet within five years.
Your prediction: ________________________________________________
15. In pairs, compare your predictions. Find out more about your partner’s predictions.
E-publishing versus Paper Publishing
16. Look at this web extract about e-publishing. What examples of e-publishing can you find in the text?
Publishing has existed in its current form for centuries. Ever since paper was first invented, human beings have found ways of using it to pass on messages to each other. Books, magazines and newspapers are now part of our everyday lives, but with the invention of the Internet and the speed of new technological advances, the world of publishing is changing. Online newspapers and magazines, blogs, and even e-book readers are changing the way we get information. But will we ever stop picking up a good old-fashioned newspaper? E-publishing versus paper publishing – who will win?
17. Work in teams. Team A prepares a list of the advantages of traditional publishing over e-publishing. Team В prepares a list of the advantages of e-publishing over traditional publishing. Use your dictionary, the Internet and your teacher to help you.
18. Debate your ideas. Which team has the most convincing position? Acronyms and Abbreviations
А
ADC – analog-to-digital converter – аналого-цифровой преобразователь
ADP – automated data processing – автоматизированная обработка данных
ALU – arithmetic-logical unit – арифметико-логическое устройство (блок центрального процессора, который выполняет все действия микропроцессора на основе математических и логических операций)
API – Application programming interface – интерфейс прикладного управления
APL – A Programmable language – высокоуровневый язык программирования
ASM – Association for System Management – ассоциация по системному управлению
AU – arithmetic unit – арифметическое устройство
a.v.c. – automatic volume control – автоматическое регулирование громкости
B
BASIC – (сокр. от Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) – простой в употреблении язык программирования высокого уровня, разработанный в 1964 г.
BDOS – basic disk operating system – базовая дисковая операционная система
BIOS – basic input / output system – базовая система ввода-вывода
b.o.p.s. – billion operations per second – миллиард операций в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия системы)
b.p.i. – bits per inch – число бит на дюйм
b.p.s. – bits per second – число бит в секунду (единица измерения плотности записи на носителе)
С
CAD – computer-aided design – компьютерное проектирование
CAI – computer-aided instruction – компьютерное обучение
CAN – cancel – символ отмены
CAT – computer-aided testing – компьютерный контроль (тестирование)
CD – compact-disk – компакт-диск
CDD – compact-disk drive – дисковод для компакт-дисков
CD-DA – compact disk-digital audio – цифровой аудио компакт-диск
CD-ROM – compact disk, read only memory– неперезаписываемый компакт-диск
CGA – color graphics adapter – цветной графический адаптер
CMI – computer-managed instruction – команды, подаваемые компьютером
CMOS – complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor – комплементарная структура металл-оксид-полупроводник (носитель КМОП-памяти)
COBOL – Common Business Oriented Language – Кобол – Всеобщий бизнес ориентированный язык (язык программирования высокого уровня, специально разработанный для бизнес-приложений в 1964 г.)
c.p.s – characters per second – число символов в секунду (единица измерения скорости печати принтера)
CPU – central processing unit – центральный процессор (ЦП)
CRT – cathode-ray tube – электроннолучевая трубка (дисплея)
CU – control unit – устройство управления
D
DB – database – база данных
DEL – delete – символ удаления
DMA – direct memory access – прямой доступ к памяти
DOS – disk operating system – дисковая операционная система
DS – double-sided – двусторонний
DVD – digital video disk – цифровой видеодиск
E
ECC – error-correction code – код с исправлением ошибок
EDI – Electronic Data Interchange – электронный обмен данными
EN1AC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator – электронночисловой интегратор и калькулятор
EDP – electronic data processing – электронная обработка данных
EPROM – erasable programmable read-only memory – стираемое
программируемое постоянное запоминающее устройство (ППЗУ)
ЕТВ – end of transmission block – конец блока передачи (символ)
F
FCB – file control block – блок управления файлами
FD – floppy disk – гибкий диск; дискета
FDD – floppy-disk drive – дисковод для гибких дисков
FORTRAN – сокр. от fourth generation programming language – Фортран (первый компилирующий язык программирования высокого уровня, ориентированный на решение задач математического характера)
FTR – File Transfer Protocol – протокол передачи файлов
G
GB, Gb – gigabyte – гигабайт
Gc – gigacycle – гигацикл
GP – general purpose – общего назначения
GUI – Graphical User Interface – графический интерфейс пользователя
H
HD – high density – высокая плотность
HDD – hard-disk drive – дисковод для жесткого диска
Hi-Fi – high fidelity – высоконадежный; с высокой точностью воспроизведения
HF – high frequency – высокочастотный HW, hw — hardware — аппаратура; оборудование; аппаратные средства
I
IAB – Internet Activities Board – Управляющий совет по вопросам деятельности Internet
IBM – International Business Machine – фирма по производству компьютеров
IС – integrated circuit – интегральная схема
I / О – input / output – устройство ввода-вывода
Intel – самая большая в мире корпорация по производству микропроцессоров (США)
Internet – Intercontinental Network – система соединенных компьютерных сетей мирового масштаба
IP – Internet Protocol – протокол маршрутизации
ISOC – Internet Society – Общество Internet
IT – information technology – информационная техника / технология
К
KB, Kbyte – килобайт
К / В, KBD, kbd – keyboard – клавиатура
Кс – kilocycle – килоцикл
KHz – kilohertz – КГц, килогерц
L
LAN – local-area network – локальная сеть
LCD – liquid-crystal display – жидкокристаллический дисплей
LSI – large-scale integration – высокий уровень интеграции
M
MB, Mb – megabyte – мегабайт
M / В – motherboard – материнская плата
МСВ – memory control block – блок управления памятью
MIS – management information system – управленческая информационная система
MMCD – Multimedia Compact Disk – мультимедийный компакт-диск
МР – microprocessor – микропроцессор
MPU – microprocessor unit – микропроцессорное устройство
MS DOS – Microsoft Disk Operational System – стандартная операционная система для IBM и IBM-совместимых компьютеров, рассчитанная на одного пользователя
MSI – medium-scale integrated circuit – средняя интегральная схема
N
NAK – negative acknowledgement – неподтверждение приема (символ)
NetBIOS – Network Basic Input / Output System – базовая система ввода-вывода сети
О
OCR – optical character reader – оптическое устройство считывания (распознавания) знаков
OMR – optical mark reader – оптическое устройство считывания знаков
OR – ИЛИ (логическая операция)
OS – operating system – операционная система
Р
PC – personal computer – персональный компьютер
PFM – pulse-frequency modulation – частотно-импульсная модуляция
PIF – program information file – информационный файл программы
PILOT – сокр. от Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching – авторизованный язык для машинного обучения, разработанный Дж. Старквезером (John Starkweather) в Калифорнийском Университете в 1968 г.
PL – Programming Language – язык программирования
PROLOG – PROgramming in LOGic – язык программирования высокого уровня, используемый в исследованиях, связанных с искусственным интеллектом
PROM – programmable read-only memory – программированное постоянное запоминающее устройство
R
RAM – random-access memory – оперативное запоминающее устройство
г.с. – remote control – дистанционное управление
r.mt. – reverse motion – обратное движение
ROM – read-only memory – постоянное запоминающее устройство
R / W – read / write – чтение / запись
S
SATAN – Sequrity Administrator Tool for Analysing Networks – программа, предназначенная для оценки состояния безопасности компьютера или локальной сети, подключенной к Internet
SCSI – Small Computer System Interface – Интерфейс малых компьютерных систем
SNOBOL – String-Oriented Symbolic Language – язык программирования высокого уровня, ориентированный на обработку символьных последовательностей
SOM – start of message – начало сообщения
SP – space character – символ пробела
SSI – small-scale integration – интеграция малого уровня
Т
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol – транспортный протокол
TF – time factor – коэффициент времени
Turbo Pascal – быстродействующий компилятор для языка Pascal
(1984 г.)
U
ULSI – nltralarge-scale integration – интеграция ультравысокого уровня
UNIVAC – UNIVersal Automatic Computer – универсальный автоматический компьютер
UNIX – операционная система, используемая во многих компьютерах (от персональных до мэйнфреймов)
UPS – uninterrupted power supply – бесперебойный источник питания
URL – Universal Resource Locator – универсальный указатель ресурсов
V
VDT – visual display terminal – видеотерминал
v. f. – video frequency – видеочастота
v. f. – velocity factor – коэффициент скорости
VLSI – very large-scale integration – интеграция сверхвысокого уровня
VR – virtual reality – виртуальная реальность
VRML – Virtual Reality Modeling Language – язык моделирования виртуальной реальности
VT – vertical tabulator – вертикальный табулятор
W
WAN – wide-area network – глобальная сеть
WWW – World Wide Web – Всемирная информационная сеть
