1. Грамматика.

Задание 1. Выполните тест.

1. The artists _____ just _____ their mural.

a) has finished b) finished c) will finish

2. Last week, I ___ to the museum to see an exhibition.

a) go b) went c) will go

3. He _____ an artist in 1990.

a) became b) has become c) will become

4. When we came to the station the train ____ .

a) had left b) has left c) will leave

5. The taxi _____ before we were ready.

a) has arrived b) arrived c) had arrived

6. I _____ a letter from Susan a few days ago.

a) received b) had received c) will receive

7. The President always __________ a delegation of government officials to meet important visitors.

a) send b) sends c) sent d) sending

8. Several inches of snow have _________ since the beginning of the year.

a) fall b) fell c) fallen d) falling

9. I know that it is an interesting film, but I...it yet.

a) don’t see b)saw c) haven’t seen d) shan’t see

2. Лексический минимум.

Obligation and prohibition

Ask about obligation.

Do we have to stay to the end?

Do you think we should take some flowers?

Am I expected to make a speech?

Am I supposed to look happy?

Упражнение 1. Переведите с русского на английский язык.

Мы должны посетить эту фирму? Мне следует проинформировать Вас о своих планах? Должен ли я вернуться к девяти часам?

Talk about obligation.

I think we should thank the driver.

You’re expected to make a speech.

You are supposed to wear a hat.

Упражнение 2. Переведите с русского на английский язык.

Мне кажется, что мы должны связаться с посольством. Я думаю, что мне следует дать чаевые таксисту. Я должен быть на фирме в девять часов. Предполагается, что я должен быть в костюме.

Talk about prohibition.

You are not supposed to smoke

You mustn’t/shouldn’t talk loudly in church.

Упражнение 3. Переведите с русского на английский язык.

Вам не следует беспокоиться обо мне. Вы не должны сопровождать меня повсюду.

Задание 2. В соответствии с образцом расскажите, как бы Вы действовали в следующих социальных ситуациях. (Ask and say what you think you should do in the following social situations.)

Ex. A teacher/friend is leaving after s long time.

What do you think we should do about Mrs. Webster?

I think we should collect some money for a present.

An elderly friend of the family is in hospital.

You are invited to a friend’s wedding.

You are asked to lunch at your friend’s parents’ house.

A friend of family died.

Текст

Прочтите и переведите текст.

The Small Business

Many of the larger business in the UK are public limited companies which means that the public is able to buy and sell their shares on the Stock Exchange. Such companies have the letters plc after their name, and examples include Marks and Spencer, Guinness and the National Westminster Bank. However, since the minimum share capital for a public limited company is 50,000 pounds, this makes it an unsuitable choice for small business, which are more likely to take one of the following forms:

Sole Trader or Sole Proprietor

This is the simplest way of starting a business. You are self-employed and entirely responsible for all aspects of running your own business. This is especially suitable for small retail business.

Partnership

When two or more people want to start a business together they can set up a partnership and agree on how the business will be operated. All partners are responsible for the debts of the partnership and profits and losses are shared between them.

Private Limited Company

A company can be formed with a minimum of two people becoming its shareholders. In order to establish such a company, specific administrative procedures must be followed. For example, the shareholders must appoint a director and a company secretary. If the company goes out of business the responsibility of each shareholder is limited to the amount of money that they have contributed. A private limited company has the letters Ltd. (Limited) after its name.

Задание 3. What type of company you are going to work in? Characterize it using the words and phrases form the text.

Упражнение 4. Определите преимущества и недостатки каких форм организации бизнеса представлены ниже. (Which of the following advantages and disadvantages would you associate with (a) a sole trader, (b) a partnership, and © a private limited company?)

Advantages

1. You have total control of your business.

2 This is a good way of sharing the pressure and work involved in starting a business.

3. The financial risks that you are taking are restricted.

4. You can increase your capital by selling shares.

Disadvantages

1. There is a danger that conflicts of personality could ruin your business.

2. It may be difficult to expand.

3. You may have to sell your possessions if the company goes into debt.

4. It is complicated and expensive to set up.

Домашнее чтение. Прочтите и переведите.

THE DEATH OF SIR CHARLES

When Dr Mortimer had finished reading this strange story, he took off his glasses, folded the manuscript, then turned to Sherlock Holmes and said: “Don’t you find it interesting?”

“Only for a collector of fairy tales”, answered Holmes.

Dr Mortimer drew a newspaper out of his pocket.

“Now, Mr. Holmes, this will probably interest you more. This is a local newspaper. It gives an account of the death of Sir Charles Baskerville. Let me read it to you”. Our visitor put on his glasses again and began reading.

“The sudden death of Sir Charles Baskerville is a very sad event. Though he had lived at Baskerville Hall only for a short period of time, his kind and generous character had made his neighbors love and respect him. He was a rich man and it is well known how much he did for all the people who needed his help. He had no children and loved quietly at Baskerville Hall. There were only two servants: a butler named Barrymore and his wife who was the housekeeper.

“The facts of his death are quite simple. For some time Sir Charles’s heart and nerves had been bad. He did not go out much. But in the evening he usually liked to walk down the famous yew alley of Baskerville Hall and smoke a cigar there before going to bed. On the fourth of June he told Barrymore that he intended to go to London the next day and ordered him to prepare his luggage. That evening he went out as usual for his walk in the yew alley. He never returned.

“At midnight Barrymore saw that the hall door was still open, and he grew anxious. He took a lantern and went out to look for his master. He followed the marks that Sir Charles’s feet had made on the wet ground. Halfway down the alley there is a gate which leads to the moor. Probably Sir Charles had stood there for some time, because the ash of his cigar was discovered on the ground near the gate. He then continued his walk dawn the alley. His body was found at the far end of it. Barrymore says that his master’s footmarks changed after he had passed the moor gate. It seemed that then he had walked on his toes. A farmer, who was on the moor that evening, says that he heard cries, but he cannot tell from which direction they came.

“There were no signs of violence on Sir Charles’s body. But his face was so much distorted that his friends and his doctor, Mr. Mortimer, recognized him with difficulty. Such a change is the usual symptom when death comes from some organic disease of the heart. The postmortem examination proved that Sir Charles had died of heart failure.

“Mr. Henry Baskervill, who is Sir Charles’s nephew and heir, will probably return to England from Canada in the near future”.

Dr Mortimer put the paper back in his pocket.

“Those are the facts that people know, Mr. Holmes,” he said.

Holmes had listened attentively to Dr Mortimer’s reading.

“And now tell me the facts that people do not know, if there are any,” he said.

“I’ll tell you something that I haven’t told anyone”, said Dr Mortimer. “I didn’t speak about it, because I was afraid people would think that I was superstitious. But I have come to you for help, Mr. Holmes, and with you I want to be quite frank. Please listen to what I’m going to tell you. Very few people live on the moor. With the exception of Mr. Frankland, Mr. Stapleton, the naturalist, and two or three farmers, there are no other people for many miles. I became friends with Sir Charles during his illness and as we were both interested in science I often visited him and we spent many pleasant evenings together.

“During the last few months I saw clearly that Sir Charles’s nerves were in a very bad state. He was always speaking about this legend which I have just read to you and nothing could make him go out upon the moor at night. The idea of some terrible evil powers was always with him. He often asked me if I had seen any strange creature, or heard the barking of a dog. One evening, about three weeks before his death, we were standing at the door of his house and talking. Suddenly I noticed that he was looking at something over my shoulder. There was such an expression of terror in his eyes that I turned round quickly to see what had frightened him so much: a large animal that I took for a black calf was passing at the end of the alley. It disappeared in a moment. All that evening I stayed with Sir Charles who was in a very nervous state and when I was leaving he gave me the manuscript that you have just seen.

“The constant fear in which Sir Charles lived was very bad for his health, so I advised him to go to London. I thought that a few months in town would be good for my poor friend. Mr. Stapleton, the naturalist, who lives on the moor, was of the same opinion. Then at the last moment came this terrible event. Barrymore immediately sent for me. I was able to reach Baskerville Hall within an hour. I followed the footprints down the yew alley. I saw the place at the moor gate where he had stood. I noticed the change in the shape of the footprints. I noticed that there were no other footsteps but Sir Charles’s and Barrymore’s. I carefully examined the body which had not been touched until my arrival. Sir Charles lay on his face, and when I turned him over I saw that there were no wounds on his body, but I could hardly recognise him, for his face had changed so much. Barrynore had not seen any marks on the ground round the body, but I saw them at some distance, and they were fresh and clear”.

“Footprints?”

“Yes.”

“A man’s or a woman’s?”

Dr Mortimer looked strangely at us and then answered almost in a wisper:

“Mr. Holmes, they were the footprints of a gigantic hound!”

УРОК 7

Текст A

Seeing a Doctor

GENERAL HOSPITAL

Maternity Ward

Mr. Wallace is in the maternity ward. His wife’s going to have a baby.

Nurse: Hello...you’re Mr. Wallace, aren’t you? Have you been waiting long?

Mr. Wallace: Not really. Is there any news?

Nurse: Not yet. We’ll tell you as soon as there is. Have you thought of any names for a baby?

Mr. Wallace: Oh yes! If it’s a girl, we’ll call her Victoria, and if it’s a boy we’ll call him Jason.

Ward Ten

Mr. Frampton has just arrived at the hospital. He’s going to have a minor operation tomorrow.

Sister: This is your bed, Mr. Frampton.

Mr. Frampton: Oh, thank you, Sister.

Sister: Now could you get up undressed and get into bed. There’s a buzzer on the bedside table. If you press the button, someone will come at once.

Mr. Frampton: Oh, I’m sure I won’t need anything...

Sister: Well, don’t forget ... if you need anything, just press the button!

Operating Theatre

David Foster has had a serious accident. His wife’s outside the operating theatre now.

Doctor: Mrs. Foster? I’m Dr. Payne.

Mrs. Foster: Oh, Doctor! How is he?

Doctor: Well, I’m afraid we’ll have to operate.

Mrs. Foster Oh, no! He’s always been afraid of operations.

Doctor: Don’t worry. If we operate now, he’ll be all right.

Mrs. Foster: Oh, Doctor. Do you really have to?

Doctor: I’m afraid so. He’s lost a lot of blood. If don’t operate, he’ll die!

Casualty Department

Doctor: Oh, dear! How did this happen?

Mother: He was just playing with the saucepan, and he put it on his head...and now it’s stuck!

Doctor: Have you tried to get it off?

Mother: No, I’m afraid of hurting him.

Doctor: Yes, if we pull too hard, we’ll hurt him.

Mother: What are you going to do?

Doctor: Well, if I don’t get it off, he won’t be able to eat!

Mother: Oh, no!

Doctor: I’m only joking. Ig I put some soap on his head it’ll come easily.

A friend of mine, Rob Jenkins, almost had a nervous breakdown last year. I told him to go to the doctor.

Doctor: Hello, Mr. Jenkins. What can I do for you?

Mr. Jenkins: Well, doctor... I’m very tense and nervous. I haven’t been able to sleep for several days.

Doctor: Hmm...have you been working hard?

Mr. Jenkins: Oh, yes. I’ve been very busy. I’ve been working twelve hours a day.

Doctor: Have you been taking any pills?

Mr. Jenkins: No, but I’ve been smoking too much, and I’ve been drinking a lot of coffee.

Doctor: Well, you should take a holiday. You should go somewhere quiet and peaceful, like Cornwall. Why don’t you go there?

Rob decided to go to Cornwall the next weekend. (Streamline 42, The Empty Chair)

I’VE CUT MYSELF

A: Ow! This knife’s sharp! I’ve cut myself.

B: Let me see it...oh, it’s O.K. You haven’t cut yourself badly...it’s only a scratch.

A: But my finger’s bleeding!

B: Don’t be a baby! It isn’t bleeding much! I’ll get a bandage. (Streamline, 26)

Задание 1. Прочитайте приведенные далее отрывки и ответьте на вопросы.

А

People used to argue that sports were of value because they built character. They claimed that games promoted hard work, sportsmanship, and the joy of playing. But to many today such arguments sound hollow, even hypocritical.

The emphasis on winning is particularly a problem. Seventeen magazine calls this ‘a darker side of sports’. Why? Because, to quote the magazine: “winning becomes more important than honesty, schoolwork, happyness and most other important aspects of life”.

B

For many young people sport is no longer a run around a basketball court twice a week or a game of tennis on a warm day. It is a serious and expensive business involving hours of daily training. For some, that training starts at a very early age, which is reflected in the icreasing number of world champions in their teens. However, recent studies suggest that overtraining can lead to stunted growth, skeletal injuries, and eating disorders in athletes who need to keep slim, such as gymnasts.

What do these extracts have in common?

What do you think of the opinions given?

List the arguments for and against the statement “Sport can do more harm than good”.

Текст B

AN ANATOMY OF FEAR

Fear is a painful emotion aroused by danger /It is an important protective instinct/ At any hint of danger, a substance called noradrenalin is released into the blood. This prepares the body for action:

– the skin goes pale as blood is diverted tomthe muscles;

– sweating increses to cool the muscles;

– faster breathing provides more oxygen for the muscles;

– faster heartbeats push more blood to the muscles;

– the gut and bladder relax as blood is diverted from them to the muscles.

As a result you can feel quite sick and breathless. In many creatures, including man, fear can also cause paralysis, or freezing with terror.

It is very common to experience fears in childhood. Sometimes, though the reasons are not always clear.

Many childhood fears, such as a fear of animals, darkness, storms, doctors and strangers, disappear as the child gets older. The important thing is to talk about them and get adults to take them seriously. However, as people get older, a few may suffer badly from phobias. These are the unreasonable fears which send your body and mind into panic. The more common phobias are a fear of heights, spiders, closed places, driving a car, and blood. There are endless uncommon phobias including a fear of running water, swallowing solid food, and even going to the hairdresser’s. There is even the case of the tennis player who wore gloves because he had a phobia about fuzz, and the wool that tennis balls are covered with is fuzzy.

Everyone is mildly phobic about something. For example, I can’t stand flying in aeroplanes, although I do it when I have to. But when your phobia spoils your life, it is time to do something about it.

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы.

Where does the expression white with fear come from? Why is sweating sometimes a sign of fear? Why do people feel breathless when they are afraid? What is the difference between a childhood fear and a phobia?

Упражнение 2. Подберите определения из колонки В для глаголов из колонки А.

А В

dread to experience a sudden feeling of fear that is often

without reason

divert become less hard/tense

paralyse turn something from one course to another, e. g.

traffic

panic stop someone from moving or acting normally

relax fear something greatly

Задание 2. Посоветуйте, как избавиться от фобии (10 фраз, письменно).

1. Start the paragraph by stating that phobias are very common.

2. Give some evidence for your statement.

3. Suggest some ideas for treatment based on your discussion.

УРОК 8

Arrivals

ON THE PLANE

window seat gangway

reclining seat central aisle

headset life jacket

seat belt folding table

blind baggage compartment

light aisle seat

air vent

Упражнение 1. Asking for things.

Language input: If you want something to stop someone, say:

Excuse me, ... To ask for something? say: May I ... ? (very polite)/Could I ... ? (polite)

Example: Excuse me, may I smoke now?

Excuse me, could I have a newspaper, please?

How would you ask for things?

Things you might want: Or might want to do:

an in-flight magazine borrow a pen

a newspaper change seats

a tissue visit the flight deck

another blanket watch a film

a head set a sleeping pill buy some duty-free perfume

a cup of tea (coffee)

a glass of water

Упражнении 2. Making conversation.

Complete the following dialogue using the expressions below.

Do you speak English? ____________________________________

Where are you from? ______________________________________

Ah-ha! Is this business or pleasure? __________________________

And how long are you going for? _____________________________

Is this you first visit to New York? ____________________________

What do you do? I mean, who do you work for? _________________

Ah-ha! You know, your English is really very good _______________

No, I mean it. You know, after a few days, when you...

Expressions (not in order):

Yes, it is. A little.

or It’s kind of you to say so.

No, it, isn’t. I Know New York a little. I work for...

I’m form Nigeria/France/etc. It’s a business trip.

or or

I’m Nigerian/French/etc. I’m on business.

For a few days/a week or so/ a couple

of months.

Задание 1. Going through the airport.

Complete the sentences with have to and some of the words and expressions below.

Example: To know whether your flight is delayed, you have to look at the departure board.

departure board

international / domestic flights

cancelled: the flight will not take place

delayed: late

go through departures

go to passport control

go to the check-in desk

check your baggage

pay an excess baggage charge

smoking or non-smoking?

go to the boarding gate

show you boarding pass

go to the departure lounge

buy presents from the duty-free shop- wines, perfume, cigarettes, spirits

fasten/unfasten your seat-belt

take off/landing

the plane takes off

the plane lands on time

the flight is 30 minutes late

transfer passengers (changing flights)

go to the transfer/transit lounge

go to passport control/immigration

go to the baggage reclaim

go to carousel 3

your luggage is on the conveyor belt

the suitcase is broken

go through Customs

goods to declare

nothing to declare

time difference

Singapore is eleven hours behind New York

London is five hours ahead of New York

put your watch back/forward

Упражнение 3. Закончите следующие фразы.

a) At check-in, you ________________________________________ ;

b) At departures, you ______________________________________ ;

c) At the boarding gate _____________________________________ ;

d) When they leave the plane, transfer passengers ______________ ;

e) If you wish to declare goods, you __________________________ ;

f) To collect their baggage, passengers ________________________ ;

g) If there is time difference, you ________________ back or forward.

Задание 2. Придумайте диалог между сотрудником таможни и пассажиром, используя следующие ниже фразы.

At Customs, you have to pass through

Goods to Declare or Nothing to declare

Have you got more than the Would you open this case,

allowance? please?

What excess items do you have? I’m afraid you’re over the

allowance.

You have to pay duty on the excess. You say you bought it at

home; may I see the

invoice?

You have to have a Customs Are you here on business or

declaration for these commercial for pleasure.

samples.

Упражнение 4. Changing your reservation.

Language input: To say what you want begin: I’d like ...

Example: I’d like an earlier flight

I’d like to change my reservation

When changing your reservation, you may want an earlier flight/a later flight/to change class (first, business, economy). You may have an open return (valid for 12 months) and want to make a firm booking (US: reservation).

Example: Your return ticket is for 14.00 on the 10-th of August. You want to leave earlier on the same day. What would you say? I’d like to change my reservation. I’d like an earlier flight, please.

a) Your return ticket is an open one (valid for a year). You want to make a firm booking for 10 August. What would you say?

b) Your reservation is for 14.00 on 3 September. You would like to stay in New York for an extra day.

c) Your reservation is tourist class. You would like to reserve business class for the return journey.

d) Your return flight is for 13.00 on 10 April. You would like to rerturn in the evening, on 9 April.

Note. If the flight you want is fully booked (no free seats), you can ask to be on stand-by (on the waiting list). If you are lucky, there will be cancellations (passengers who do not fly, so a seat becomes available for you).

Задание 3. Расскажите о Ваших впечатлениях от поездки в аэропорт.

Directions

A: Excuse me!

B: Yes?

A: I’m looking for the Men’s Clothes department.

B: Ah, yes, sir. It’s on the fourth floor. The lift is over there.

A: Thank you... but I’ll use the stairs. I need the exercise!

C: Good morning. Can I help you?

D: Yes, I’ve got an appointment with Mrs. Truman, the Sales Manager.

C: What time is your appointment, sir?

D: Half past eleven.

C: Right. Go up those stairs to the first floor. Take the corridor on the left. Mrs. Truman’ office is the third door on the right. You can’t miss it.

D: Thank you.

C: Oh, sir...

D: Yes?

C: Don’t bother to knock. Go straight in. She’s expecting you.

E: Excuse me!

F: Yes?

E: I’m lost! Is this way to Brighton?

F: No, I’m afraid it isn’t. You’re going the wrong way. This is Portsmouth Road.

E: Oh, dear. Can you tell me the way to Brighton?

F: Yes, turn round and go back to the roundabout. Take the third exit... that’s the A272.

E: The A272?

F: That’s right. You’ll see singposts to Brighton from there.

G: Fares, please...

H: Two to Market Street, please.

G: 36 p.

H: Can you tell me when we get there?

G: O.K.

H: Thanks a lot.

Упражнение 5. Asking the way.

Language input: To ask the way, you say: Could you tell me where...?

Example: Could you tell me where the cafeteria is, please?

Could you tell me where the telephones are, please?

How would you ask the way to the following?

toilets information desk car hire office departures restaurant post office helicopter shuttle left luggage office taxi bank telephone bus terminal

Задание 4. Following directions.

Below is the plan of an airport terminal. Starting at the entrance, follow the directions and then write the places where you go in the spaces beside the plan.

arrivals tiolets departures

to terminal 3 restaurant

shops information

desk

cafeteria

check-in desks

entrance

You are here

shuttle bus

a) __________ b) ___________ c) __________ d) ___________ e) __________

past the desk

round the desk in front of you

before the desk on the left

down the steps on the right

up the steps behind you

Задание 5. Используя приведенную выше схему, выясните о каком месте в аэропорту идет речь в следующих описаниях.

a) Follow this corridor, then turn right. Go through the doors, and straight on. When you reach check-in, you’ll see it on you left.

b) Go right, into the terminal hall, then left. You’ll see the shops on your right. On your left there is a door. Go through and up the steps.

c) Turn right off this corridor. Then you’ll be in the terminal, and you’ll find it at the other end, up the steps on the left.

d) Yes, turn right as soon as you can; through the doors, go round the check-in desks, and you’ll see them on your right. I think you want one nearest to the big doors.

e) Yes, along the corridor, through the doors on your right, past the check-in, and then you’ll see Departures on your left; and the desk will be in front of you.

УРОК 9

AT THE HOTEL

Упражнение 1. Checking in.

If you have a reservation it is easy! You begin: My name is... I have a reservation. If you don’t have a reservation, you have to ask for a room by saying: I would like a... For this exercise, you will need to understand the following symbols:

single room (one bed) double room (large bed) twin-bedded room (Two beds) with shower with bath with toilet television early morning call breakfast at 8 want to pay by credit card

Example: My name is Vasya Ivanov. I have a reservation. It’s for three nights. A single room with shower and toilet, Could I have an early morning call, please?

Datafile: Hotels

bed bedside table

bedspread/duvet lamp

trouser press remote control

cushion telephone

pillow television

curtain magazine

hotel information picture

chair carpet

table desk

ashtray drinks cupboard

Упражнение 2. Problems.

If you have a problem in your room, you may want to complain. These are different problems which you might meet:

The air conditioning /heating doesn’t work/.

The sheets are dirty.

There isn’t any soap.

The drinks fridge hasn’t been filled.

Could you see to it at once, please.

Упражнение 3. Phoning home.

In English, telephone numbers are given one figure after another, example 0-1-0-3-1-2-4-7-. To make a call from your room, you will probably have to ask the reception (desk) to obtain the number for you. You could say: Could you call this number for me, please? I’s 0-1-0-3-1-4-7-2-9-3-0-6.

Now ask for these numbers:

a) 010 54 39612

b) 010 58 2 97845

c) Riyadh 21 375362

d) Singapore 3982712

Hold the line! you should wait.

Please, hang up and I’ll call you back, you should

put down the telephone and wait for it to ring.

Now make two calls from your room, to the numbers given below. On the cassette you will hear the voice of the receptionist in the hotel. Try to make the calls without looking at the tapesscript.

a) You want to make a call from your London hotel room to your company in Singapore. The number is Singapore 3982712. Now pick up the telephone.

b) You want to make a call from your hotel room in Venezuela to your home in Saudi Arabia. The number is Riyadh 21 375362. Now pick up the telephone.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте следующие диалоги и придумайте три аналогичных диалога, описав какую-то реальную ситуацию.

Reception. Can I help you?

Certainly. What is the number, please?

I’m sorry? Could you give that again?

Thank you. Hold the line, please ... You’re through now.

Desk. Hello?

Number, please?

Just a moment...I’m sorry, what was the number you wanted?

Right. I’ll call you back...

I have your call on the line. Go ahead, please.

Задание 1. Расскажите о своих впечатлениях от пребывания в гостинице.