I. Сводная таблица основных правил чтения английских гласных букв и буквосочетаний

Буква

Положение

Звук

Рус. соотв.

Примеры

Aa

[eı]

откр. слог

[eı]

[эй]

name, cake, famous, paper, gave, lake, state, safe

закр. слог

[æ]

[э]

land, back, stamp, back, jam, rat, apple, candle

ar

[α:]

[а:]

carpet, garden, market, bar, yard, marble, park

are

[εə]

[э^а]

bare, mare, square, dare, rare, stare, declare, hare

al + согл.

[ɔ:]

[о:]

ball, also, salt, call, tall, wall, walk, talk, hall, fall

ai

[eı]

[эй]

pain, rain, brain, strain, faith, bait, quail, paint

air

[εə]

[э^а]

air, fair, pair, hair, affair

wa

[wɔ]

[^уо]

want, was, wash, watch, wall, wallet

aw

[ɔ:]

[о:]

paw, law, saw, dawn, raw, drawn

au

[ɔ:]

[о:]

fraud, launch, nausea, caught, daughter, haunt

безуд.

[ə]

[э]

parade, attack, across, translate, attend

Oo

[əu]

откр. слог

[əu]

[оу]

nose, home, go, over, open, broken, stone

закр. слог

[ɔ]

[о]

coffee, rock, not, hot, dog, frog

or

[ɔ:]

[о:]

sport, short, morning, born, cord, pork, fork

ore

[ɔ:]

[о:]

shore, more, before, sore, adore

oo

[u]

[у]

book, tool, room, look, cook, fool, took

oi, oy

[ɔı]

[ой]

soil, poison, foil, boy, toy, oyster, noise

ou, ow

[αu]

[ау]

how, house, mouse, now, loud, bounce

old, oa, ow

[əu]

[оу]

snow, low, boat, cold, fold, road, soap, bold

wor

[wə:]

[–]

work, world, worse, word, worst

Ee

[ı:]

откр. слог

[ı:]

[и:]

meter, we, be, he, discrete, predict

закр. слог

[e]

[э]

twenty, center, tent, nest, let, pet, twelve

er

[ə:]

[–]

verse, perch, serf, fern, perfume, her, germ

ere, ear

[ıə]

[и^э]

ear, clear, here, near, dear, year, mere

NB: there, where

ee, ea

[ı:]

[и:]

mean, meat, seen, beetle, beef, pea, speak

ew

[ju:]

[ю:]

few, stew, grew, new, view

Ii [aı]

Yy [waı]

откр. слог

[ɑı]

[ай]

drive, fly, lyme, line, style, tie, bite, hi

закр. слог

[ı]

[и]

wind, big, Lynn, middle, sit, strip, is, this

ir

[ə:]

[–]

firm, skirt, shirt, first, stir, sir, girl

ire, yre

[ɑıə]

[ай^э]

fire, admire, desire, tyre, wire, hire

ild, ind

[ɑı]

[а^и]

wild, child, kind, blind, behind, mind, mild

ight

[ɑı]

[а^и]

night, tight, right, knight, sight, fight

«y» в начале слова

[j]

[й]

year, yellow, yes, yesterday, yawn, yard

Uu

[ju:]

откр. слог

[ju:]

[ю:]

tune, music, blue, cube, tube, June

закр. слог

[ʌ]

[а]

plum, cut, lunch, nut, sum, rubber, stuck

ur

[ə:]

[–]

fur, turkey, purple, turtle, purse

ure

[juə ]

[ю^э]

pure, cure, during, secure