Text 2. Internet and World Wide Web. Active vocabulary.

1. wireless connections – беспроводные соединения.

2. information resources and services – информационные ресурсы и услуги.

3. electronic mail – электронная почта.

4. hyperlink –

5. URL (Universal Resource Locator) – универсальный указатель ресурсов.

6. data transfer rates – скорость обработки данных.

7. web applications – веб-оборудование.

8. cellular network – сотовая связь.

9. to download – загружать.

10. online community – интернет сообщество.

11. electronic text message – электронное текстовое сообщение.

12. security, authentication and encryption technologies –

13. usability and success – пригодность и успех.

14. personal page – личная страница.

15. to utilize – утилизировать, находить применение.

16. internet forum – интернет форум.

17. to access the files, folders and settings – использовать доступ к файлам, папкам и установкам.

18. pen pal – друг по переписке.

19. user – пользователь.

20. to spread information – распространять информацию.

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail, in addition to popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and Voice over Internet Protocol person-to-person communication via voice and video. The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The term the Internet, when referring to the Internet has traditionally been treated as a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the internet", without the capital. Although the basic applications and guidelines that make the Internet possible had existed for almost two decades, the network did not gain a public face until the 1990s. On 6 August 1991, CERN, a pan European organization for particle research, publicized the new World Wide Web project. The Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. By 1996 usage of the word Internet had become commonplace, and consequently, so had its use as a synecdoche in reference to the World Wide Web. Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system". The Internet is extremely heterogeneous; for instance, data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely. The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. The Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections and Web applications. The Internet can now be accessed virtually anywhere by numerous means. Mobile phones, datacards, handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet from anywhere there is a cellular network supporting that device's technology. Within the limitations imposed by the small screen and other limited facilities of such a pocket-sized device, all the services of the Internet, including email and web browsing, may be available in this way. Service providers may restrict the range of these services and charges for data access may be significant, compared to home usage. The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a product to a specific person or a specific group of people more so than any other advertising medium. Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' products to those users. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. The Internet allows computer users to connect to other computers and information stores easily, wherever they may be across the world. They may do this with or without the use of security, authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements.

The Internet has made possible entirely new forms of social interaction, activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of items to their personal pages, to indicate common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users to utilize their real names, and to allow communication among large existing groups of people. Sites like meetup.com exist to allow wider announcement of groups which may exist mainly for face-to-face meetings, but which may have a variety of minor interactions over their group's site at meetup.org, or other similar sites.

The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web. Today, many Internet forums have sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication and for the sharing of ideas. One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their random ideas and casual interests. People use chat, messaging and e-mail to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. Social networking websites like MySpace, Facebook and many others like them also put and keep people in contact for their enjoyment. The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files, folders, and settings via the Internet.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the Internet? Can you give a scientific definition to this word?

2. What does the Internet carry?

3. What is the origin of the Internet?

4. Can you give a brief history of the Internet?

5. Does the Internet play an important role in our life? Why?

6. Can you name the most popular web sites?

7. What do people use the Internet for?

8. Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system". Do you agree with this statement? Why?

9. The Internet is extremely heterogeneous. What does it mean?

10. Is the Internet necessary for the children? Why?

Ex. 3. Make up your own 5 questions to the text.

Ex. 4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Explain why.

1. The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web.

2. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are seldom used in everyday speech.

3. The Internet is a global data communications system.

4. Social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction.

5. People never use The Internet as a form of leisure.

6. The Internet has also become a large market for companies.

7. There are a lot of useful web sites which help to ease our work.

Ex. 5. Try to explain the following words and word combinations in English:

Blog, network, web site, user, Internet, World Wide Web, URL, internet forum, e-mail, personal page, hyperlink, web applications, online, chat.

Ex. 6. Make up 10 English sentences with the words from your active vocabulary in a written form.

Ex. 7. What new information have you learnt from this text? Have you got anything to add? Discuss it in groups.

Ex. 8. Give a summary of the text.

Text 3. Web development.