Active vocabulary.

1. web development – веб-разработка.

2. web design – веб-дезайн.

3. markup – отметка.

4. coding – индексация, маркирование, шифрование.

5. to automate business workflow – автоматизировать деловой трудовой процесс.

6. accessible – доступный.

7. to discover – обнаруживать.

8. communication – связь, общение.

9. to be referred to – относиться к.

10. application program – прикладная программа.

11. the blog – блог.

12. open source content system – открыть систему, содержащую программные ресурсы.

13. to take into account – принимать в расчёт.

14. security consideration – обеспечение безопасности.

15. encryption – шифрование, зашифровывание.

16. email address – электронный адрес.

17. password – пароль.

18. protected content – защищенное содержимое папки.

19. to keep a web server safe from intrusion – уберечь веб-сервер от вторжения.

20. internet fraud – мошенничество через интернет.

21. update – модернизация, обновление, новейшая информация.

22. to be issued by something – издаваться, выпускаться.

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.

Web development is a broad term for any activity related to developing a web site for the World Wide Web or an internet. This can include e-commerce business development, web design, web content development, client-side/server-side scripting, and web server configuration. However, among web professionals, "web development" usually refers only to the non-design aspects of building web sites, e.g. writing markup and coding. Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services. For larger businesses and organizations, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers). Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting webmaster, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer and/or Information systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the domain of a designated department.

Since the mid-1990s, web development has been one of the fastest growing industries in the world. In 1995 there were fewer than 1,000 web development companies in the United States, but by 2005 there were over 30,000 such companies in the U.S. alone. The web development industry is expected to grow over 20% by 2010. The growth of this industry is being pushed by large businesses wishing to sell products and services to their customers and to automate business workflow.

In addition, cost of Web site development and hosting has dropped dramatically during this time. Instead of costing tens of thousands of dollars, as was the case for early websites, one can now develop a simple web site for less than a thousand dollars, depending on the complexity and amount of content. Smaller Web site development companies are now able to make web design accessible to both smaller companies and individuals further fueling the growth of the web development industry. As far as web development tools and platforms are concerned, there are many systems available to the public free of charge to aid in development. A popular example is the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP), which is usually distributed free of charge. This fact alone has manifested into many people around the globe setting up new Web sites daily and thus contributing to increase in web development popularity. Knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) or other programming languages is not required, but recommended for professional results.

The next generation of web development tools uses the strong growth in LAMP and Microsoft .NET technologies to provide the Web as a way to run applications online. Web developers now help to deliver applications as Web services which were traditionally only available as applications on a desk based computer.

Instead of running executable code on a local computer, users are interacting with online applications to create new content. This has created new methods in communication and allowed for many opportunities to decentralize information and media distribution. Users are now able to interact with applications from many locations, instead of being tied to a specific workstation for their application environment.

Examples of dramatic transformation in communication and commerce led by web development include e-commerce. Online auction sites such as eBay have changed the way consumers consume and purchase goods and services. Online resellers such as Amazon.com and Buy.com (among many, many others) have transformed the shopping and bargain hunting experience for many consumers. Another good example of transformative communication led by web development is the blog. Web applications such as Movable Type and Word Press have created easily implemented blog environments for individual Web sites. Open source content systems such as Alfresco, Typo3, Xoops, Joomla!, and Drupal have extended web development into new modes of interaction and communication.

Web development takes into account many security considerations, such as data entry error checking through forms, filtering output, and encryption. Malicious practices can be executed by users with ill intent yet with only primitive knowledge of web development as a whole. Not only this, but scripts can be exploited to grant unauthorized access to malicious users trying to collect information such as email addresses, passwords and protected content like credit card numbers.

Some of this is dependent on the server environment (most commonly Apache or Microsoft IIS) on which the scripting language, such as PHP, Ruby, Python, Perl or ASP is running, and therefore is not necessarily down to the web developer themselves to maintain. However, stringent testing of web applications before public release is encouraged to prevent such exploits from occurring.

Keeping a web server safe from intrusion is often called Server Port Hardening. Many technologies come into play when keeping information on the internet safe when it is transmitted from one location to another. For instance Secure Socket Layer Encryption (SSL). Certificates are issued by certificate authorities to help prevent internet fraud. Many developers often employ different forms of encryption when transmitting and storing sensitive information. A basic understanding of information technology security concerns is often part of a web developer's knowledge.

Because new security holes are found in web applications even after testing and launch, security patch updates are frequent for widely used applications. It is often the job of web developers to keep applications up to date as security patches are released and new security concerns are discovered.

Ex. 2. Determine which part of speech the following words are and the rules they are formed. Translate them into Russian:

Develop – developable – developing – development – developed.

Design – designable – designate – designed – designer – designation.

Secure – securely – security – securement.

Release – released – releasee – releaser.

Content – contented – contention – contentious – contentiously.

Ex. 3. Find the synonyms:

A: World Wide Web, method, different, fraud, interaction, distribution, to prevent, malicious, sensitive, to allow, to range, to develop.

B: various, to let, way, to stop, sensory, deviousness, angry, Internet, reciprocity, to vary, dissemination, to build up.

Ex. 4. Find the antonyms:

A: stringent, frequent, user, necessarily, to fail, cheap.

B: to succeed, expensive, programmer, rare, unnecessarily, mild.

Ex. 5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Explain why.

1. Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services.

2. Since the mid-1990s, web development has been one of the fastest growing industries in the world.

3. Since the mid-1990s, web development has been one of the fastest growing industries in the world.

4. Many technologies come into play when keeping information on the internet safe when it is transmitted from one location to another.

5. Web development is a new way of communication.

6. Certificates are issued by certificate authorities to help prevent internet fraud.

Ex. 6. Try to explain the following words and word combinations in English:

Web design, e-commerce, web development, malicious user, internet fraud, encryption, media distribution, webmaster, interaction, communication, web development industry.

Ex. 7. Answer the following questions:

1. What is web development?

2. What does web development take into account?

3. What is a Server Port Hardening?

4. Name all stages / generations of web development.

5. Give the examples of open source content systems.

6. What do web developers try to do?

7. What can prevent an internet fraud?

8. Which scripting languages have you learnt from this text?

9. Can you name any online auction sites?

10. Is web development one of the fastest growing industries in the world nowadays? Why?

Ex. 8. What new information have you learnt from this text? Have you got anything to add? Discuss it in groups.

Ex. 9. Give a summary of the text.