- •Isbn 978-5-98089-023-0
- •1. What is the world trade organization?
- •It’s a set of rules …
- •2. Principles of the trading system
- •1. Most-favoured-nation (mfn): treating other people equally
- •2. National treatment: Treating foreigners and locals equally
- •3. The gatt years
- •4. Whose wto is it anyway?
- •Vanuatu
- •10 Benefits of the wto trading system
- •Introduction
- •1. The system helps to keep the peace
- •International confidence and
- •Its officials that the country should accede to the wto.
- •2. The system allows disputes to be handled constructively
- •3. A system based on rules rather than power
- •1. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive II Present:
- •2. Compose sentences with the phrases below using the Subjunctive
- •II Present and the Present Conditional. Mind the voice (active,
- •4. Freer trade cuts the cost of living
- •Verbs-forming suffixes
- •1. Find in the text (4th benefit of the wto) all the cases of the
- •2. Complete the sentences using the Subjunctive II Present and the
- •5. It gives consumers more choice,
- •6. Trade raises incomes
- •7. Trade stimulates economic growth, and that can be
- •8. The basic principles make the system economically
- •9. The system shields governments from narrow interests
- •10. The system encourages good government
- •1. Compose sentences with the phrases below. Use the mixed type
- •2. Open the brackets using all types of Subjunctive II and the
- •International monetary fund
- •Imf activities
- •Imf governance and organization
- •Imf surveillance flow chart
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Answer the questions on the article:
- •3. Speak on the message of the text.
- •4. Render the article in English.
- •International bank for
- •International bank for reconstruction and
- •Into two teams – ibrd representatives and journalists. First, one
- •International development association
- •Ida at work
- •Ida borrowers
- •Ida funding
- •Ida history
- •Infinitive as Object
- •Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier
- •International Secretariat
- •Icc has urged negotiators to create the enabling frameworks to help
- •Icc is urging governments to make major investments in agriculture
- •In written form:
- •Integrated Access To Global Derivatives Markets
- •Independence
- •1. Comprehensive
- •2. Weighted
- •3. Readily Available
- •4. The Most Appropriate Benchmark
- •International Organizations
- •International Economic Organizations
In written form:
1. “A one-size-fits-all solution does not exist, but there are many
effective strategies and they must be supported and replicated to
become part of the agricultural mainstream.”
2. “The private sector urges an all-out effort by the international
community. Let us share what we know and build on the best.”
3. “Governments need to provide support mechanisms, including
payments for ecosystem services and for maintaining agricultural
landscapes. After all, farmers are custodians of the world’s
agricultural biodiversity.”
4. “Managing land in a sensible way by replicating tested and
proven solutions is the way to achieve agricultural intensification
sustainably.”
5. “Despite the warning bells ringing on food security, the good
news is that there is enormous potential to increase agricultural
outputs, as yields differ significantly among regions of the
world.”
6. “Business and industry are contributing their expertise at COP-9
to address the challenges of agriculture and biodiversity.”
Task 5. Render the article using the phrases above and key words as
a framework for your summary. Express your professional attitude.
Speak on the message of the text.
142
MODULE 5
EXCHANGES
a. IntercontinentalExchange (www.theice.com)
1. Global Commodity, Currency, Credit and Equity
Index Markets
2. The ICE History
b. Tokyo Stock Exchange (www.tse.or.jp)
c. London Metal Exchange (www.lme.com)
143
INTERCONTINENTAL-EXCHANGE
GLOBAL COMMODITY, CURRENCY, CREDIT AND EQUITY
INDEX MARKETS
IntercontinentalExchange (NYSE: ICE) operates leading regulated
exchanges, trading platforms and clearing houses serving the global
markets for agricultural, credit, currency, emissions, energy and equity
index markets. ICE Futures Europe trades half of the world's crude and
refined oil futures. ICE Futures U.S. and ICE Futures Canada list
agricultural, currency and Russell Index markets. ICE offers trade
execution and processing for the credit derivatives markets through
Creditex and clearing through ICE Trust. A component of the Russell
1000 and S&P 500 indexes, ICE serves customer in more than 50
countries and is headquartered in Atlanta, with offices in New York,
London, Chicago, Winnipeg, Calgary, Houston and Singapore.
www.theice.com
ICE offers market participants a range of benefits:
Benchmark Contracts
ICE Futures Europe offers liquid markets for hedging price risk in the
world's leading oil benchmarks: ICE Brent Crude futures and ICE West
Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude futures. ICE also operates a liquid
and transparent over-the-counter marketplace for the North American
OTC natural gas and power markets.
ICE Futures U.S. provides risk managers and investors one global
marketplace for exclusive futures and options contracts such as Sugar
No.11, Sugar No.16TM, Cotton No. 2, Coffee 'C', U.S. Russell
Indexes, foreign exchange and the ICE U.S. Dollar Index.
ICE Futures Canada hosts the world's leading Canola futures contract
and also allows investors to participate in global price discovery for
Western Barley futures and options contracts.
144
Leading Electronic Trading Platform
ICE's electronic trading platform provides rapid trade execution and is
one of the world's most flexible, efficient and secure commodities
trading systems. Accessible via direct connections, telecom hubs, the
Internet or through a number of front-end providers, today, ICE offers
a 3 millisecond transaction time in its futures markets - the fastest in
the industry. ICE's platform is scalable and flexible - which means new
products and functionality can be added without market disruption. ICE
offers numerous APIs for accessing futures and OTC markets,
including a FIX API.
