International Organizations
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Trade Organization (ITO)
Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
157
Mercantile Exchanges
158
New York Mercantile Exchange
Bolsa de Mercadorias de São Paulo
Chicago Board of Trade
Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Kansas City Board of Trade
Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange
London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange
MidAmerica Commodity Exchange
Minneapolis Grain Exchange
London Commodity Exchange
London Bullion Market
International Petroleum Exchange
New York Cotton Exchange
Winnipeg Commodity Exchange
Check yourself
TEST
Task 1. Give definitions for::
IMF
Paris Club
WBG
IBRD
IDA
WTO
Task 2. Translate:
1. Проводить рыночные реформы
2. Бедные страны, имеющие явно безнадежную внешнюю
задолженность
3. Важный источник финансовой и технической поддержи
4. Текущий глобальный экономический и финансовый кризис
5. Содействовать притоку частного капитала
6. Валютный курс
7. Способствовать стабильности внешнего и внутреннего
рынка
8. Укреплять мировую экономику
Task 3. Put in prepositions:
Loans are given ___ concessional terms.
The IMF is accountable ___ the governments.
Resources are available ____ adequate safeguards.
The IBRD works ___ collaboration ___ the IMF.
Task 4. Give English synonyms for ‘Приумножать ресурсы
кредитования’.
Task 5. Give word-partnerships for ‘debt’.
Task 6. Choose the best variant(s):
1. ____ is an informal financial union of 19 leaders of the world
economy.
a) IMF
159
b) Paris Club
c) WBG
d) WTO
2. Surveillance, technical assistance and lending are 3 activities of
a) IMF
b) Paris Club
c) WBG
d) WTO
3. ____ is not headquartered in Washington, DC, USA.
a) IMF
b) Paris Club
c) WBG
d) WTO
4. Russia is not the member of
a) G7
b) G8
c) G10
d) G20
160
Appendix 1
HOW TO AGREE OR DISAGREE
Agree
That’s it! That’s true!
Quite right!Quite so!
Entirely so!Naturally!
Exactly! Precisely!
I quite agree.
I can’t agree more.
I can’t but agree with you.
I think you are absolutely right.
I hold the same point.
I share your viewpoint.
I’m of the same opinion/mind.
I think the same.
I support this idea.
I rather lean to this opinion.
That’s what I think too.
It can’t be more right.
You seem to read my mind.
I guess /I’m afraid you are right.
Sounds next to ideal.
You’ve hit it off to a T (ты попал в
точку).
You’ve hit the nail straight on
the head.
I see eye to eye with you
Half-agreement
I agree with you up to a point (in a
sense, in a way) but…
I see what you mean but…
There is some truth in what you
say, however…
I agree with much of what you say,
but...
That may be true, but…
That’s all very well, but…
I agree in principle, but…
In spite of what you say, I think
O.K., but…
I agree in some point, but…
I partly agree.
To a certain extent, yes, but…
Disagree
I disagree.
I don’t agree at all.
Just the other way round!
That’s not the way I see it.
I’m not sure about it.
It’s a total/complete false!
I’m not at all convinced.
I’ve got a different opinion of…
That’s a totally false impression
(picture).
I’m sorry, I think you are
absolutely wrong.
161
I’m afraid (believe), you are wrong
(mistaken).
Let me disagree with you.
I would like to contradict / oppose
you.
On the contrary…
What I think runs opposite to what
you say.
I don’t share your
opinion/viewpoint.
You’ve got the wrong end of the
stick (ты не так понял).
Expressing your opinion
If you want my opinion…
If you ask me...
As for me...
As far as I am concerned...
I would like to say that…
I think / consider / hold / feel...
I believe / guess / suppose /
presume / reckon...
To my consideration…
It seems to me that…
I am of the opinion that…
To my mind...
In my opinion...
In my mind’s eye...
From my point of view...
162
As I see it...
As far as I can judge...
I am convinced that (убежден)...
I am adamant that...
I am dead sure that...
I give you 100% that...
To tell you the truth...
Frankly / honestly speaking...
I must confess...
On the whole I can say...
In short / in a nutshell/ in sum...
In conclusion/ in final/ finally...
To conclude/ to infer/ to sum it
up...
Appendix 2
QUOTES
The evidence shows that increased trade leads to increased economic
growth, which raises labour and environmental standards.
Aaron Schavey (Policy Analyst, Center for International Trade and
Economics, Heritage Foundation)
Source: http://www.wto.org/trade_resources/quotes
But while they prate of economic laws, men and women are starving.
We must lay hold of the fact that economic laws are not made by
nature. They are made by human beings.
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) Thirty-second President of the
USA.
An economist is someone who knows more about money than the
people who have it.
Unknown Source
If all the economists were laid end to end, they would not reach a
conclusion.
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Irish writer.
Source: http://en.proverbia.net
ON ECONOMICS
There are only two problems in my life. The political ones are
insoluble and the economic ones are incomprehensible.
Alexander Douglas Home
Advertising is a valuable economic factor because it is the cheapest
way of selling goods, particularly if the goods are worthless.
Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951, First American Novelist to win the Nobel
Prize for literature)
Freedom is the by-product of economic surplus.
Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960, British Labor Politician)
163
There can be economy only where there is efficiency.
Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881, British Statesman, Prime Minister)
Profit is the ignition system of our economic engine.
Charles Sawyer
Mere parsimony is not economy. Expense, and great expense, may be
an essential part in true economy.
Edmund Burke (1729-1797, British Political Writer, Statesman)
Politicians say they're beefing up our economy. Most don't know beef
from pork.
Hariold Lowman
The man who comes up with a means for doing or producing almost
anything better, faster or more economically has his future and his
fortune at his fingertips.
J. Paul Getty (1892-1976, American Oil Tycoon, Billionaire)
The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather
does on weather forecasters.
Jean-Paul Kauffmann
No gain is so certain as that which proceeds from the economical use
of what you already have.
Latin Proverb (Sayings of Latin Origin)
Source: http://www.nonstopenglish.com/reading/quotations/
ON TRADE
Economy is the basis of society. When the economy is stable, society
develops. The ideal economy combines the spiritual and the material,
and the best commodities to trade in are sincerity and love.
Morihei Ueshiba
Glamour is what I sell, it's my stock in trade.
Marlene Dietrich
We remain at the center of global economic activity with financial and
164
trade ties to every region of the globe.
Timothy Geithner
Free trade is not based on utility but on justice.
Edmund Burke
Men don't and can't live by exchanging articles, but by producing them.
They don't live by trade, but by work.
John Ruskin
We are determined that our nation shall cease to be a burden on other
countries but shall contribute positively to world prosperity, while
observing fully the fair trade practices in international commerce.
Shigeru Yoshida
By perfecting this legislative machinery and by participating in the
various international agreements we intend to contribute to the
wholesome development of world trade.
Shigeru Yoshida
Economically, unfair trade will benefit nobody in the long run, as
poorer countries will be bled totally dry and will become unable to
produce anything.
Chris Martin
Why should we use the Dollar even when we trade among ourselves?
Abu Bakar Bashir
Source: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes
ABOUT BANKS
The issue which has swept down the centuries and which will have to
be fought sooner or later is the people versus the banks.
Lord Acton
When a government takes over a people’s economic life it becomes
absolute, and when it has become absolute it destroys the arts, the
minds, the liberties and the meaning of the people it governs.
165
Maxwell Anderson
When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and
not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand
that gives is above the hand that takes. Money has no motherland;
financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object
is gain.
Napoleon Bonaparte
There are 10^11 stars in the galaxy. That used to be a huge number.
But it's only a hundred billion. It's less than the national deficit! We
used to call them astronomical numbers. Now we should call them
economical numbers.
Richard Feynman
It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our
banking and monetary system, for if they did, I believe there would be
a revolution before tomorrow morning.
Henry Ford
If you want a Big Brother, you get all that comes with it.
Erich Fromm
Whoever controls the volume of money in any country is absolute
master of all industry and commerce.
James A. Garfield
Banks lend by creating credit. They create the means of payment out of
nothing.
Ralph M. Hawtrey
Source: http://quotes.liberty-tree.ca/quote/
166
REFERENCES