- •Частное учреждение образования
- •English grammar practice практика английского языка сборник упражнений по грамматике
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •English tenses (active voice)
- •Глагол “to be” The verb “to be” in the Present Simple Tense
- •The verb “to be” in the Past Simple Tense
- •2.1. The present simple tense
- •The verb “to be” in the Future Simple Tense
- •Времена действительного залога (english tenses active)
- •Revision exercises
- •2.2. The present continuous tense
- •Present continuous and present simple for future planned actions
- •Present continuous and present simple
- •I am doing I do
- •Every day, in the morning, now, often, at the moment, rarely
- •In the morning, today, at present, on Saturdays, usually, never
- •It’s Sunday at Ann’s house.
- •2.3. The past simple tense
- •Revision exercises
- •At the moment, always, two months ago, in 1986, last night, never, last summer when I was a child, ten minutes ago, every week, twice a year, just now
- •2.4. The future simple tense
- •Carry do eat send show sit stay
- •When and if sentences (Придаточные предложения условия и времени)
- •Revision exercises
- •2.5. The past continuous tense
- •2.6. The future continuous tense
- •Promise her to do all these things;
- •Specify the time (up to the day and the hour) when you’ll be doing it.
- •2.7. The present perfect tense
- •I’ve already done it.
- •I have already written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet.
- •Present perfect and past simple
- •I have done I did
- •2.8. The past perfect tense
- •2.9. The future perfect tense
- •2.10. The present perfect continuous tense
- •Present perfect continuous and present perfect
- •I have been doing I have done
- •2.11. The past perfect continuous tense
- •2.12. The future perfect continuous tense
- •Упражнения на все видо-временные формы английского глагола
- •Mixture of tenses (elementary)
- •Mixture of tenses (intermediate)
- •Специальный тест на временные формы глаголов
- •(The passive voice)
- •Cравнительная таблица глагольных форм в активном и пассивном залогах
- •Passive (present simple)
- •Passive (past simple)
- •Passive (future simple)
- •Passive (present and past continuous)
- •In brackets into present continuous passive.
- •Passive (present perfect)
- •Passive (past and future perfect)
- •The Passive Infinitive
- •Revision exercises
- •(Direct and reported speech)
- •Повествовательные предложения
- •Вопросительные предложения Специальные вопросы
- •Общие вопросы
- •Revision excercises
- •In the evening Mrs Brown reports the questions to her husband.
- •In advance.
- •Повелительные предложения
- •Oral Activity1
- •Oral Activity 2
- •Revision exercises
- •Final test
- •(Conditional sentences)
- •First conditional
- •Oral Activity (Chain Story)
- •Class Game
- •Second conditional
- •If I were you. . .
- •Oral Activity
- •Third conditional
- •Oral Activity 1 (Suzie’s story)
- •Oral activity 2
- •Revision exercises
- •Thomas is on a desert island and he is thinking.
- •Final test
- •Making a wish
- •(Modal verbs)
- •Can / could / de able to
- •I can’t help you now, but I’ll be able to do it tomorrow.
- •In brackets.
- •May / might/ be allowed to
- •Must / have to / need
- •Mustn’t - needn’t - don’t have to
- •Should / ought to
- •Revision exercises
- •Новое платье луны
- •Final test
- •(Non-finite forms of the verb)
- •7.1. Инфинитив (the infinitive)
- •Перевод инфинитива на русский язык
- •Common verbs followed by the infinitive
- •Oral Activity
- •The infinitive constructions the complex object (сложное дополнение)
- •I don’t know how to help someone who has swallowed poison.
- •Infinitive.
- •The complex subject (сложное подлежащее)
- •7.2. Герундий
- •Revision exercises
- •Final test
- •Причастие (the participle)
- •Have something done
- •Final grammar test
- •Mixed practice murder mystery Can you put the verbs in the correct form and solve this detective puzzle?
- •Who did they arrest? list of irregular verbs
- •List of used sources
- •Soars l., Soars j. Headway. - Oxford, 1994.
(Direct and reported speech)
В английском языке употребление времен глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении зависит от времени глагола-сказуемого главного предложения.
Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в одном из настоящих или будущих времен, то глагол-сказуемое в придаточном предложении может стоять в любом времени в зависимости от смысла.
Прямая речь: He says (has said, will say), “I bought a new car yesterday.” Он говорит (сказал, скажет): «Я купил новую машину вчера». She says (has said, will say) “I will do it tomorrow.” Она говорит (сказала, скажет): «Я сделаю это завтра». |
Косвенная речь: He says (has said, will say) that he bought a new car yesterday. Он говорит (сказал, скажет), что он купил новую машину вчера. She says (has said, will say) that she will do it tomorrow Она говорит (сказала, скажет), что она сделает это завтра. |
Если глагол сказуемое главного предложения стоит в одном из прошедших времен, то глагол-сказуемое в придаточном предложении может быть употреблен только в одной из форм прошедшего времени. В этом случае действует правило согласования времен.
Прямая речь
Present Simple “The hotel isn’t very good,” she said Она сказала: «Этот отель не очень хороший». “I have a new car,” he said. Он сказал: «У меня есть новая машина». “I play football every day,” he said Он сказал: «Я играю в футбол каждый день».
Present Continuous “She is speaking to Joe,” he said. Он сказал: «Я разговариваю с Джо». “They are watching TV,” she said. Она сказала: «Мы смотрим телевизор».
Present Perfect “I’ve bought you some flowers,” he said. Он сказал: «Я купил тебе цветы». “John has finished his work,” Sue said. Сью сказала: «Джон закончил работу».
Past Simple “They lived in London,” he said. Он сказал: «Они жили в Лондоне». “He lost all the money,” she said. Она сказала: «Он потерял все деньги».
Future “I will see you later,” he said. Он сказал: «Увидимся позже».
Modal verbs She said: “I can’t swim”. She said: “Take an umbrella. It may rain”. |
Косвенная речь
Past Simple She said that the hotel wasn’t very good Она сказала, что этот отель не очень хороший. He said that he had a new car. Он сказал, что у него есть новая машина. He said: “I played football every day.” Он сказал, что играет в футбол каждый день.
Past Continuous He said she was speaking to Joe. Он сказал, что он разговаривает с Джо. She said they were watching TV. Она сказала, что они смотрят телевизор.
Past Perfect He said he had bought me some flowers. Он сказал, что он купил мне цветы. Sue said that John had finished his work. Сью сказала, что Джон закончил работу.
Past Perfect He said they had lived in London. Он сказал, что они жили в Лондоне. She said that he had lost all the money. Она сказала, что он потерял все деньги.
Future in the Past He said he would see me later. Он сказал, что они увидятся позже.
She said that she couldn’t swim She told me to take an umbrella because it might rain. |
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную необходимо соблюдать ряд правил:
1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения меняются по смыслу, как и в русском языке.
Mary said: “Peter has taken my Mary said that Peter had taken her
dictionary.” dictionary.
Мария сказала: «Петр взял мой Мария сказала, что Петр взял ее
словарь». словарь.
2. Указательные местоимения и наречия места и времени в косвенной речи меняются
Прямая речь
today, tonight now yesterday last night/ week/ month/ year tomorrow next week/ month/ year ago this /these here
“I’m having a party tonight,” he said “He arrived last week,” she said “I saw him two years ago,” Tom said “This is my friend Joe,” he said. “I’ll see you tomorrow,” Kate said. |
Косвенная речь
that day, that night then the day before the previous night/ week/ month/ year the next day, the following day the next (the following) week, year before that / those there
He said he was having a party that night. She said he had arrived the previous week. Tom said he had seen him two years before. He said that was his friend Joe. Kate said she would see me the following day. |
SAY - TELL
Для передачи сообщений в косвенной речи наиболее часто употребляются глаголы say и tell. Say обычно употребляется, когда нет указания на лицо, которому делается сообщение, если же в сообщении указано, к кому обращена речь, то употребляется tell.
Перед прямой речью употребляется только глагол say.
Say - сказать что-то.
Tell - сказать кому-то что-то.
Said to – употребляется только в прямой речи.
Прямая речь: She said to me, “I am very tired.”
Косвенная речь: She said that she was very tired. She told me (that) she was very tired.
Ex. 152. Fill in say or tell.
1. What did he __tell__ you to do?
2. Lena __________ that the banks were closed on Sundays.
3. Have you ___________ him news?
4. The policeman ____________ that the man was lying.
5. Susan ___________, “Let’s go out for dinner tonight.”
6. Jim ____________ me about the party last night.
7. Out teacher _____________ he was pleased with our work.
8. Could you please _____________ me your name?
9. Did Sam ___________ anything about me?
10. Stop _____________ lies!
11. “I haven’t got enough money,” he ___________ to Jim.
12. I didn’t ____________ the teacher why I was late.
Ex. 153. Choose the proper tense of the verb.
1. Jill says the weather forecast for tomorrow (is, was) sunny, no rain.
2. Jill said that the day (is, was) warm and sunny the day before.
3. George said he (had already read, has already read) the book.
4. Peter has just said that he (has sold, had sold) his old car.
5. I thought they (are waiting, were waiting) for me in the entrance hall.
6. Tom told me he (is going, was going) to join basketball team.
7. We know the Browns (are staying, were staying) with their friends in Boston.
8. I think I (will finish, would finish) the translation on Monday.
9. Jack said he (will take part, would take part) in that work.
10. I was sure that he (has left, had left) Manchester.
11. He says that he (doesn’t know, didn’t know) what the weather (will be, would be) like
in October.
12. They hoped their team (won’t lose, wouldn’t lose) the game.
13. I think she (knows, knew) that he (has taken, had taken) the first place in the chess
tournament.
14. John told me that he (know, knew) Mary very well.
Ex. 154. Choose the proper adverb or adverbial phrase.
1. Ann said they were going on a trip (next week, the following week).
2. Ben’s going to take his camera (tomorrow, the next day).
3. He told me his uncle had died (last year, the previous year).
4. The weather was wonderful (two days ago, two days before).
5. She said she had phoned me (this, that) evening.
6. I bought tickets for the cup game (last week, the week before).
7. What a pity that we didn’t eat up all the tomatoes (yesterday, the day before)! Now they
are all bad.
8. Stephen’s brother said Stephen was going to bring some records to the party
(tonight, that night).
9. She said that she would go to the department store (next Wednesday, the following
Wednesday.
10. He said his favourite team had lost the game two days (ago, before).
11. Really, Bill. I don’t know what’s wrong with you (now, then). I’ll see you around, OK