2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What would you say about electronics? 2. Why is the development of electronics called a revolution? 3. What is microelectronics? 4. What techniques does microelectronics use? 5. What is the benefit of reducing the size of circuit elements? 6. What do you understand by the term of microminiaturization? 7. What does the speed of the signal response depend on? 8. What advantages of microelectronics do you know? 9. What scales of integration are known to you? 10. How are microelectronics techniques developing?

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты:

Интенсивные усилия; увеличить надежность; увеличить параметры; уменьшить размер и стоимость; вряд ли кто-нибудь мог прогнозировать; количественные и качественные изменения; область науки; пленочная технология; полупроводниковый метод; сокращать элементы схемы; суть миниатюризации в том, что; создать

схемы с долгим сроком службы; чрезвычайно высокая скорость реакции; чем меньше, тем быстрее; преимущество; расходовать энергию; польза; уменьшение расстояния между элементами схемы; большая интегральная схема; микроволновая интегральная схема; волновод; линия передач; смещать; изображение схем; расширять возможности человека.

4. Переведите слова, содержащие отрицательные префиксы:

dis-: disadvantage; disconnect; disappear; disclose; discomfort; discontinue; discount; discredit; discriminate; disintegrate.

in-: invisible; inaccurate; inactive; incapable; incompact; insignificant; inhuman; informal; ineffective; indifferent; indecisive; inconsumable; incorrect.

un-: uncontrollable; unbelievable; unable; unchanged; uncomfortable; uncommunicative; undisciplined; unexpected; unfavourable; unforgettable; unkind.

non-: non-effective; non-aggressive; noncomparable; non-computable; nonconstant; noncontrollable; nondigital; nondi-mensional; nonprogrammable; nonusable.

ir-: irregular; irrelative; irresponsive; irrational; irreplaceable; irrecognizable.

5. Переведите:

1. It is well known that the quick development of electronics began with the invention of transistors. They replaced electronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the main advantages of the transistors in comparison with the vacuum tube is absence of filament power loss. One of the principal causes of damages in electronic circuitry is high temperature. The heat causes breakdown of tubes and other circuit elements that are very sensitive to this influence. The transistor, on the other hand, does not heat its surroundings. Another advantage of the transistor is its long life. The life of the average transistor is more than ten thousand operating hours. Because of its long lifetime and ruggedness, the transistor is very reliable and has much better efficiency in professional equipment.

2. As we know, transistors replaced electronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the advantages of the transistor is its small dimensions. Because of their small size, the absence of heating and other properties, transistors make it possible to produce compact, small-dimensioned electronic devices which consume very little power. In conclusion it is important to note that transistors revolutionized many fields of technology. They are successfully used for direct transformation of heat energy by means of thermal elements. They are also used to convert radiant energy into electricity with the help of photocells or solar batteries. Light sources and lasers are built on the basis of transistors. They find wide application in computers, automatic devices, aviation, communication, etc.

6. Выберете правильный вариант ответа:

1. Transistors have many _____ over vacuum tubes.

a) patterns;

b) advantages;

c) scales.

2.They ____very little power.

a) consume;

b) generate;

c) embrace.

3. An integrated circuit is a group of elements connected together by some circuit _____ technique.

a) processing;

b) assembly;

c) manipulation.

4. The transistor consists of a small piece of a _____ with three electrodes.

a) diode;

b) conductor;

c) semiconductor.

5. Modern ______ began in the early 2O'h century with the invention of electronic tubes.

a) miniaturization;

b) electronics;

c) microelectronics.

6. John Fleming was the _____of the first two-electrode vacuum tube.

a) generator;

b) receiver;

c) inventor.

7. One of the transistor advantages was lower power _____ in comparison with vacuum tubes.

a) consumption;

b) reception;

c) transmission.

8. Microelectronics greatly extended man's intellectual_____.

a) subsystems;

b) capabilities;

c) dimensions.

7. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2-3 предложения)

8. Составьте словообразовательный анализ текста

9. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст

Самостоятельная работа №5

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст: