Unit 2 engines

1. Read and translate the text:

The two most common types of engine for land vehicles are the petrol engine and the diesel engine.

Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel engines. This makes them cheaper, and this is why most cars and motorbikes use petrol engines. Petrol engines are also less noisy than diesel engines. They usually go faster. On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel and last longer than petrol engines, and this is why larger vehicles such as trucks and trains use them. They are also safer than petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.

There are two main types of petrol engine – 4-stroke and 2-stroke. All cars and larger motor-cycles use 4-stroke engines. But smaller motorbikes use 2-stroke engines. These are lighter and smaller than 4-stroke engines, and are therefore cheaper.

2. Read and memorize the essential vocabulary:

engine – двигун

vehicle – засіб пересування; транспортний засіб

petrol engine – двигун, що працює на бензині

diesel engine – дизельний двигун

fuel – пальне

truck – вантажівка

train – поїзд

danger of fire – небезпека займання, виникнення пожежі

safe – безпечний

4-stroke – чотирьохтактний (двигун)

2-stroke – двохтактний (двигун)

on the one hand – з одного боку

on the other hand – з іншого боку

therefore – тому, отже

3. Revise the degrees of comparison. Translate the following groups of words:

common – more common – the most common;

light – lighter – the lightest;

small – smaller – the smallest;

cheap – cheaper – the cheapest;

little – less – the least;

noisy – less noisy – the least noisy;

fast – faster – the fastest;

long – longer – the longest;

safe – safer – the safest;

4. What types of engine do these vehicles use?

5. Answer these questions: (Answer: 2-STROKE, 4-STROKE or DIESEL)

1. Which is the lightest of the three engines?

2. Which is the least expensive?

3. Which is the noisiest?

4. Which is the largest?

5. Which is the safest? Why?

6. Which uses the least fuel?

6. Complete the chart:

Petrol engine		Diesel engine
Advantages	Disadvantages	Advantages	Disadvantages

UNit 3 Engine

1. Read and translate the text:

An engine produces power by burning air and fuel. The fuel is stored in a fuel tank. The fuel tank is connected to a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe carries the fuel to a fuel pump. The fuel pump is connected to the carburetor. The fuel pump pumps the fuel into the carburetor. In the carburetor the fuel is mixed with air. The fuel and air are drawn into the engine cylinder by the piston. Then the fuel and air are compressed by the piston and ignited by the spark plug. They burn and expand very quickly and push the piston down. Thus the power is produced. The burned fuel and air are eliminated from the cylinder by the piston.

The flow of gases into and out of the cylinder is controlled by two valves. The intake valves allow fresh fuel mixture to enter the cylinder and the exhaust valves allow the burnt gases to escape.