- •The subject of theoretical grammar, it’s purpose..
- •The grammatical structure of English language.
- •Morphology and syntax as two main parts of grammar.
- •Language as a system and structure. Levels
- •Systemic relations in language. Syntagmatic relations.
- •Systemic relations in language. Paradigmatic relations.
- •Linguistic units and their peculiarities.
- •The morphemic structure of the word as a language unit.
- •Lexical and grammatical aspects of the word. Types of grammatical meanings
- •Explicit grammatical categories.Implicit lexico-grammatical categories. Types and kinds of oppositions
- •The word as the smallest naming unit and the main unit of morphology.
- •Parts of speech. Different approaches to the system of parts of speech in Modem English.
- •Criteria for classification of words into parts of speech in Modem English: semantic, formal and functional. Notional and functional parts of speech
- •The Noun as a part of speech, its grammatical categories. The category of number and its peculiarities in Modem English.
- •The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case in Modem English
- •The problem of gender in English. Personal pronouns as gender indicators of nouns.
- •The Adjective as a part of speech. Problems concerning the category of degrees of comparison in Modem English.The Stative.
- •Substuntivisation of adjectives and adjectivization of nouns
- •The Verb. Finite and non-finite forms of the verb. The category of finitude
- •The Verb. The category of tense. The problem of existence of morphological future tense
- •21. The Verb.The category of aspect. Aspect opposition
- •22. The category of voice and its peculiarities in English
- •The problem of so-called Reflexive, Reciprocal and Middle voice in Modern English
- •The category of mood. The problem of mood opposition. Mood and modality
- •25. The verb. The category of person and number.
- •26. The Perfect forms in Modern English. Divergent views concerning the essence of the Perfect forms.
- •27. Syntax as a part of grammar. The main concepts of syntax.
- •28. Basic syntactic notions: syntactic units, syntactic relations, syntactic connections.
- •29. The phrase and the problem of its definition. The main distinctive features of the phrase as compared with those of the word and the sentence.
- •30. Nominal word combinations. Noun phrase with pre-posed and post-posed adjuncts.
- •31. Verbal word combinations. Types of verbal complements
- •32. Means of expressing syntactical relations between the components of subordinate phrases
- •33. The sentence and the problem of its definitions. The main essential features of the sentence. Implicit predication.
- •34. Classification of sentence acc. To the purpose of utterance and acc. To their structure. Two- member and one-member sentences.
- •35. Simple sentence. Principle, secondary and detached parts of the sent.
- •36. The utterance. Informative structure of the utterance.The theme and the rheme.
- •37. The utterance. Communicative and pragmatic types of utterances.
- •38. The composite sentence and the problem of coordination and subordination.
- •39. The criteria for classification of subordinate clauses.
- •SubjectandPredicateClauses:
- •2. Object Clauses:
- •3. Attributive Clauses
- •40. Text as a syntactic unit. Coherence, cohesion and deixis as the main features of the text.
- •41. Textual connective devices. Reiterations, collocation, endophoric relations.
- •42.Pragmatic approach to the study of language units.
- •43. Speech Act Theory. Classifications of speech acts.
- •According to their origin:
- •According to their function:
- •Classification
- •44. Indirect speech acts.
34. Classification of sentence acc. To the purpose of utterance and acc. To their structure. Two- member and one-member sentences.
Types of sentence acc. to the purpose of utterance:
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
A declarative sentence contains a statement which gives the reader or the listener some information about various events, activities or attitudes, thoughts and feelings. A statement may be positive (affirmative) or negative, as in: I have just come back from a business trip. I haven't seen my sister yet. Interrogative sentences contain questions. Their communicative function consists in asking for information. They belong to the sphere of conversation and only occasionally occur in monological speech.Imperative sentences express commands which convey the desire of the speaker to make someone, generally the listener, perform an action. Besides they may express prohibition, a request, an invitation, a warning, persuasion, depending on the situation, context or intonation. Stand up! Sit down. Open your textbooks. Be quick! Exclamatory sentence.Each of the communicative sentence types, besides performing their main communicative function, may serve as exclamations. You do look a picture of health! (statement) Hurry up! (command). An exclamation as a sentence type opens with one of the pronominal words what and how. What refers to a noun, how to an adjective or an adverb. What a terrible noise! What a funny story she told us!
Types of sentences acc. to structure:
Simple(one-member and two-member)
Composite(compound and complex)
Two-member (has two principal parts: a sub and pred. It can be complete-has a sub and pred: The sun is shining; incomplete-one or both principal parts are missing: Where were you yesterday? At the cinema)
One-member (has only one principal part which is neither the sub nor the pred. It can be nominal or “naming”-name the person or thing. The principal part is expressed by a noun: Dusty water; infinitival – the main member is expressed by an infinitive: To talk like that to your own mother!)
One type is represented by sentence, always exclamatory, in which the infinitive, with the particle to, stands at the beginning of the sentence: To be alive!
Another type of the sent. isinterrogative sent. beginning with the adverb why followed by an infinitive without the particle to, and smt preceded by the particle not: Why not give your friend the same pleasure?)
35. Simple sentence. Principle, secondary and detached parts of the sent.
The syntactic functions or the members of the sentence are traditionally divided into principal (main)and secondary. The principal parts of the sentence are the subject and the predicate, which modify each other: the subject is the “person” modifier of the predicate, and the predicate is the “process” modifier of the subject; they are interdependent. The secondary parts are: the object – a substance modifier of the predicate; the attribute – a quality modifier of substantive parts, either the subject or the object; the adverbial modifier – a quality modifier of the predicate; the apposition – a substance modifier of the subject. The detached parts of the sentence are the parenthesis (parenthetical enclosure) - a detached speaker-bound modifier either of one of the nominative parts of the sentence or of the sentence in general; the address (addressing enclosure) – a modifier of the destination of the whole sentence; the interjection (interjectional enclosure) – an emotional modifier.