2. Read and translate the text into your native language: Surface (barrier) Filtration Mechanisms

Surface filtration (also known as barrier filtration) is the most common type of filtration in the food industry. In surface filtration, a porous surface retains the particles solely on grounds of particle size. In contrast with depth filtration, there is

a definite cut-out size (maximum size of particles passing through) and retention of particles above the cut-out size is absolute.

Surface filtration processes fall into two categories:

1. Dead-end filtration (also known as frontal filtration or cake filtration): the direction of suspension flow is normal to the filter surface. The particles are stopped (come to a dead-end) on the filter surface and accumulate as a “cake”. The familiar laboratory filtration operation is an example of dead-end filtration.

2. Cross-flow filtration (also known as tangential filtration, Murkes, 1988): The direction of suspension flow is parallel (tangential) to the filter surface. The retained particles are carried forwards by the flowing suspension.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is surface filtration?

2. What is there in contrast with depth filtration?

3. How many categories do surface filtration processes fall into?

4. Is the sentence true or false?

1. Surface filtration (also known as barrier filtration) is the most common type of filtration in the heavy industry.

2. In contrast with depth filtration, there is a minimum size of particles passing through (maximum size of particles passing through) and retention of particles above the cut-out size is absolute.

3. Surface filtration processes fall into two categories.

4. The particles are stopped (come to a dead-end) on the filter surface and accumulate as a “pizza”.

5. The retained particles are carried forwards by the flowing suspension.

6. The retained particles are not carried forwards by the flowing suspension.

5. Retell the text Surface (barrier) Filtration Mechanisms

Theme 5. Chillers

Task 1.  Topical vocabulary

	ENGLISH	KAZAKH	RUSSIAN
1	Chillers	Чиллерлер	Чиллеры
2	Spark	Ұшқын	Искра
3	Preventing	Алдын алу	Предотвращения
4	Evaporator	Буландырғыш	Испаритель
5	Efficient	Тиімді	Эффективный
6	Vapor	Бу	Пар
7	Pipe	Құбыр	Труба
8	Majority	Көпшілік	Большинство
9	Presence	Қатысуы	Присутствие
10	Moisture	Ылғалдылық	Влажность

Task 2. Read the text and translate using the dictionary.

There are many different kinds of chillers used in industrial process. Chillers are used to cool machines, prevent sparks and other problems while fashioning parts, keeping rooms cool, and preventing liquids from evaporating. There are water chilling machines, air chilling machines, evaporator chilling machines, and vapor compression chilling machines. This wide variety of chilling machine types make it possible for any industry to find the best cooling system for their unique needs. 

In general, water-cooled systems are the most efficient and effective, followed by evaporated systems and vapor compression systems, and with air chilling machines as the least effective chilling model. However, some factories still choose to use air cooling systems due to a lack of water in the area or in situations where the presence of moisture could damage a delicate manufacturing process. 

Factories get to choose between centralized chilling systems and decentralized chilling systems. A centralized chilling system is located in a central location and has pipes connecting the chilling system to the other machines in the factory. A decentralized chilling system gives each machine its own specific cooling machine. Factories that have many machines that require the same cooling power often choose centralized systems, while factories that have machines that require different cooling temperatures and techniques typically choose decentralized systems. Some factories have both if the majority of machines use the same cooling temperature and method with a select few requiring their own special cooling systems. 

There is no one cooling system that is better than another in a factory. Other than the efficiency ratings of the different chilling styles, there is no great benefit from choosing one system over another. Factories can save money by using a centralized system, but not every factory can use a centralized chilling system to keep machines and manufacturing processes cool.

1. Water Cooled Chillers

 

2. Ammonia Chilling Plants