III. Reading Comprehension

1. Прочитайте уважно текст. Вам необхідно визначити, які з поданих нижче тверджень відповідають змістові тексту. Запишіть номери цих речень.

1. Despite a large number of different designs of freight cars all of them are based on the same principles. 2. All the parts of a freight car should be strong enough to ensure safe movement of the trains. 3. The running gear design should comply with conditions of running on rail tracks so that a freight car should easily travel through the curves of minimal permissible radiuses. 4. A running gear is the unit which forms the connection between the coupler rigging and center sill. 5. A body is the apparatus applied to the platforms of passenger cars for the purpose of closing the space between adjoining cars.

2. Знайдіть у тексті відповіді на питання.

1. What are the common elements of any car? 2. What does the frame look like? 3. What is used for forming the connection between the coupler rigging and the center sill? 4. What is the function of a buffer? 5. By means of what is the motion of a car retarded? 6. What are the trucks rested upon? 7. What part of the car carries the load of freight? 8. What types of the cars are made of steel? 9. Where can you find the lettering? What is their aim? 10. What information is printed on the sides of a car?

IV. Vocabulary Exercises

1. З’єднайте словосполучення правої колонки з їх значеннями у лівій:

1. A frame A) a frame, the draft gears, the buffers and the body.

2. The brakes B) each freight car has two trucks or more.

3. Running gears C) the connection between the coupler and the center sill.

4. The body D) the motion of a car or a train is retarded or arrested.

5. The main elements E) the structure composed to withstand the stresses.

6. The lettering F) applied to the platforms of passenger cars.

7. A buffer G) how long, how wide and how high is the car.

8. A draft gear H) carries the load of freight.

2. Виконайте переклад слів та складіть 10 словосполучень.

A car fleet, to depend on, a draft gear, a brake, a body, a truck, a coupler, a center sill, a make up, motion, to arrest, an open-top car, to rust, to hold, to withstand, to ensure, a lettering, the running gears, resistance, smoothness, a buffer.

3. Виконайте переклад слів та складіть 5 речень.

Рух, нерухоме щеплення, кузов вагона, зв’язок, вантажна ємність, прибор, гальма, іржавіти, захищати, перешкода, сплав, різноманітність, напруження, складатися, недолік, підрамник, хребтова балка, з’єднання, гальмо.

4. З’єднайте слова рядка A з їх синонімами у рядку B.

А) To compose of, to use, to comprise, a connection, a different, to replace, a truck, to apply, a car.

В) A various, a coach lines, an usage, to change, to consist of, to find an application, to contain a bogie.

5. Завершіть речення правильною відповіддю та перекладіть їх.

1. The box cars are used to transport cargo requiring protection from unfavorable ..

a) operation conditions b) winter conditions c) weather conditions

2. For loading bulk materials box cars are provided with … .

a) running gear b) sliding doors c) hatches in the roof

3. Coal, timber, rolled stock are transported in … .

a) tank cars b) coaches c) open-goods cars.

4. The flat car is a platform mounted on a frame and two-axle … .

a) bodies b) gauges c) bogies

5. Container movement is the best way of … .

a) load capacity b) part-load freight c) door-to-door traffic

6. To fill the liquid the top of the tank has … with valves.

a) two hatches with covers b) two axis with wheels c) two bogies

7. To prevent damage to the tank it should be fitted with … .

a) center sill b) safety valve c) roof

8. The tank is fixed to the frame by … .

a) its middle part b) a coupling mechanism c) a sliding door.

6. Продовжіть речення та перекладіть їх.

1. The cars have different make up… . 2. The freight cars have a lot of common elements … . 3. The body is … . 4. A draft gear is … . 5. A buffer is … . 6. The brake gear is … . 7. The running gears are … . 8.The lettering is used for … . 9. The main difference lies … . 10. The break equipment is standardized … .

7. Заповніть пропуски сполучниками та перекладіть текст (in, for, of, in, of, of).

In addition to cars for handling cargo containers, many special container cars are 1) … service. These are designed 2) … carrying a single type 3) … product. They include a wide variety 4) … chemical and mineral products which are shipped 5) … steel containers, rubber bags and other types 6) … specialized containers.