V. Tests

1. Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

1. The box car is a car the body of which is a large tank with a sliding door

A B C

on each side.

D

2. The flat car is a box mounted on a frame and bogies.

A B C D

3. The flat car has a roof.

A B C D

4. Much attention is being paid to introducing special refrigerator cars.

A B C D

5. Tank cars are equipped with special devices for fastening freight.

A B C D

6. The tank car is designed for transportation of automobiles.

A B C D

7. The tank car is a car the volume of which is about 36 cubic meters.

A B C D

8. The box cars are filled with the liquid through hatches in the top part of a

A B C D

wagon.

9. The hopper cars discharge their freight by gravity through roof hatches.

A B C D

10. Cement is mainly transported by open-top hopper cars.

A B C D

VI. Extra Reading

1. Виконайте переклад тексту.

Cooperation of Scandinavian rail car designers

The recent project developed by Danish State Railways’ (DSB) design office includes the new four-car trainsets for Intercity express services in Denmark and Sweden.

The most interesting aspect of the design process was that of combining two railway cultures and traditions to create an interior for a train which operates not only between Denmark and Sweden but internally in each European country.

The design team spent a lot of time breaking down cultural and language barriers and generating the enthusiasm which lasted through the whole process. The result is the train based on the Scandinavian design tradition of simplicity and functionality. Modern materials such as wood veneer, leather, and carpets with 80% wool content are used. Fluorescent lighting is concealed in order to avoid a harsh glare and is supplemented by reading lights over the seats.

Wide entrance doors and gangways as well as a low floor 600mm above the top of the rail in each set are examples of this. The low-floor area is divided into two parts. Bicycles and bulky luggage will be on the one side, whereas normal seating area with space for wheelchairs will be on the other side. The entrance doors and toilet for the handicapped are in the centre; there is enough space for fold-down seats and prams. There are two small lifts at each end allowing through-passage for catering trolleys.

Transparency is used to create a feeling of security: partitions and doors are made of glass, therefore one can almost see from one end of the train to the other.

These trains, which incorporate some of the most popular features of the IC3 sets, are the first Intercity trains where it has not been necessary to take ferry crossings into consideration. This has given the designers more freedom regarding the train’s length and width. Each set has 208 seats including 21 fold-down seats.

The trains will be equipped with a satellite navigation system which, besides giving precise arrival information, will allow passengers at stations to see where unoccupied seats are located in the approaching train. At present this system is being installed in existing Intercity trains.

DSB’s blue colour combined with grey has been chosen for the external livery and, with the elegantly formed nose and sleek sides, the train promises to be a design success.

The four-car train has five bogies and is constructed of aluminium. It weighs 140 tonnes. There are four Iveco diesel engines. And the train has a top speed of 200km/h. The initial order is for 83 sets worth DKr 5 billion ($US 606 million).

Production started in September 2001 and delivery will take place between mid-2003 and the end of 2005. Further 67 sets have been ordered.

2. Виконайте переклад речень.

Експлуатуватися в межах кожної европейської країни; викликати ентузіазм; звичайні місця; довжина и ширина состава; заказ на вартість.

3. Виконайте переклад речень.

To create an interior for a train; the design team; to break down barriers; a low floor 600 mm. above the top of the rail; a feeling of security besides giving precise arrival information; initial order.

4. Дайте відповіді на запитання у письмовій формі.

1. What project does this text tell about? 2. What traditions were used to create an interior for these trains? 3. Do these trains operate only in Denmark? 4. What are the two most important features of these trainsets? 5. What materials are used for the train interior? 6. Why is lighting comfortable in these trains? 7. What conveniences are provided for the handicapped and for babies? 8. Why do the newly developed trains longer and wider than traditional IC3 sets? 9. How many seats are there in each set? 10. What system will help passengers to get precise arrival information? 11. What are the main technical features of these trains?

Unit 2